Ethnic differences in the effect of Media portrayed Body Image on Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem

by

ABSTRACT

The aim of the current study is to build on previous research by focusing exclusively on magazine media and its subsequent effect on body dissatisfaction and self esteem with the use of questionnaire design which will explore the gender, age and ethnic differences. In order to alleviate the possible methodological problems that may have confounded past researches, the samples will be derived from more diverse ethnic, socioeconomic and educational backgrounds with the hope of yielding results that can be appropriately generalized to the general population. The findings of this study indicate that females are highly influence by media exposure of body dissatisfaction and self esteem.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACTII

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION1

Introduction1

Age group, Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem MANOVA Analysis1

Gender, Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem MANOVA Analysis6

Ethnic Background, Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem MANOVA Analysis10

Exposure to Media, Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem MANOVA Analysis15

Correlation Analysis19

Hypothesis 1a: Self Esteem and Exposure to Media20

Hypothesis Testing21

Hypothesis Testing Body dissatisfaction21

Hypothesis Testing Self Esteem23

Conclusion26

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

Introduction

This chapter presents the findings of ethnic differences in the effect of Media- portrayed Body Image on Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem.

Age group, Body Dissatisfaction and Self Esteem MANOVA Analysis

Between-Subjects Factors

Value Label

N

AGE IN YEARS

1

Younger

40

2

Older

40

The MANOVA analysis has been carried out among body dissatisfaction, self esteem and age group of respondents the tables below presents the findings of this analysis.

Descriptive Statistics

AGE IN YEARS

Mean

Std. Deviation

N

BODY DISSATISFACTION

Younger

3.80

1.728

40

Older

4.45

1.552

40

Total

4.12

1.664

80

SELF ESTEEM

Younger

14.17

3.665

40

Older

16.72

3.644

40

Total

15.45

3.851

80

The above table presents the findings of descriptive statistics; the respondents who are in younger age group have body dissatisfaction mean 3.80 and standard deviation 1.728 which indicates that the variation is present in the data set. The respondents who are in older age group have body dissatisfaction mean 4.45 and standard deviation 1.552 which indicates that the variation is present in the data set. The findings indicate that younger age group have high amount of body dissatisfaction as compare to older age group.

The respondents who are in younger age group have self esteem mean 14.17 and standard deviation 3.665 which indicates that the little bit variation is present in the data set. The respondents who are in older age group have self esteem mean 16.72 and standard deviation 3.644 which indicates that the little bit variation is present in the data set. As far as self esteem is concern younger age group has high amount of variation for self esteem.

Box's Test of Equality of Covariance Matricesa

Box's M

1.706

F

.553

df1

3

df2

1.095E6

Sig.

.646

Tests the null hypothesis that the observed covariance matrices of the dependent variables are equal across groups.

a. Design: Intercept + AGE

One of the most important assumptions of MANOVA is covariance homogeneity. This assumption is tested by using Box's Test of Equality of Covariance Matrices. The above table indicates that significance value is 0.646 (P=0.646) which is greater that .001 (P>.001) then the assumption of homogeneity of covariance isn't violated.

Multivariate Testsc

Effect

Value

F

Hypothesis df

Error df

Sig.

Partial Eta Squared

Noncent. Parameter

Observed Powerb

Intercept

Pillai's Trace

.965

1.067E3a

2.000

77.000

.000

.965

2134.857

1.000

Wilks' Lambda

.035

1.067E3a

2.000

77.000

.000

.965

2134.857

1.000

Hotelling's Trace

27.725

1.067E3a

2.000

77.000

.000

.965

2134.857

1.000

Roy's Largest Root

27.725

1.067E3a

2.000

77.000

.000

.965

2134.857

1.000

AGE

Pillai's Trace

.155

7.087a

2.000

77.000

.001

.155

14.173

.921

Wilks' Lambda

.845

7.087a

2.000

77.000

.001

.155

14.173

.921

Hotelling's Trace

.184

7.087a

2.000

77.000

.001

.155

14.173

.921

Roy's Largest Root

.184

7.087a

2.000

77.000

.001

.155

14.173

.921

a. Exact statistic

b. Computed using alpha = ...