Since patients may not be adept to sufficiently uncover a trials pros and cons, the blame falls mainly to research physician, who should educate patients about the scientific goals, potential risks, possible advantages of the study, and the options to not taking part as well as a reassurance that their denial to take part will not sway their care.
Phase I trials, for demonstration, are conceived to work out how high a dose of the untested pharmaceutical can be granted and if it has any edge ...