Energy Efficient Data Centers for the Middle East implementing Fuel cells

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2

DECLARATION3

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION5

Ambient Conditions of U.A.E5

Research Aim6

Research objectives6

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW7

Energy Efficient Data Centers in the United Arab Emirates7

Centralized, Simplified Vision into Data Center Management7

Intelligent, Efficient Power and Cooling Management7

Fuel Cells8

Fuel cell systems for distributed power generation10

CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY11

Data Sources and Research Limitations11

Research Instruments11

Data Types11

Primary Data11

Secondary Data11

CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND FINDINGS12

Different types of fuel cells12

Cost of Fuel Cells14

To Use Fuel Cells for the Secondary Power15

Fuel cells to be used for the cooling requirements16

Passive Cooling Plates Studied for Fuel Cells16

Steam/heat generated from the fuel cells to run absorption chillers16

How Does an Absorption Chiller Work?17

What is an Absorption Chiller?17

Is It Right to Use Absorption Chiller17

In Practice18

Actions That can Be Taken18

Absorption Chiller Refrigeration Cycle18

Multiple-Effect of Absorption Chillers19

How Does an Engine Driven Chiller Work?19

Comparisons20

Reversible Fuel Cell Experiments20

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION22

REFERENCES23

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of seven different emirates which together comprise the third largest economy in the Middle East behind Saudi Arabia and Iran. Its per capita GDP is second only to Qatar. The UAE is an important producer of natural gas and oil, ranking seventh globally in total proven reserves of both. Abu Dhabi possesses the majority of oil and natural gas reserves followed by Dubai, with small amounts in Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah. The country is also a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (Pathapati, 2005). Despite having the most diversified economy in the Middle East, the UAE remains largely dependent upon the hydrocarbons sector for economic growth. The government's hydrocarbon policy will continue to focus on oil; however natural gas projects are gaining significance and investment. Rising domestic demand for subsidized energy and electricity has caused the UAE to become a net importer of natural gas and strained volumes of liquids available for export.

Ambient Conditions of U.A.E

The dissimilar overall situation in the outdoors and upper air affects the weather conditions of the U.A.E. during the winter. Siberian high pressure systems, far above the ground pressure are thought to be the dominant exterior force system, sometimes extending to the southern part of the Arabian neck of land. The uppermost effect of this process starts at the commencement of this era and decreases slowly but surely towards the conclusion of the phase.

It is more often than not connected with northwesterly winds that are strong at times, or fresh north easterly winds, depending on the site of the high pressure within the state. Cold air flow leads to a drop in the outside air temperature, anywhere the ...