Elution and Adsorption

Abstract

The elution and absorption techniques are important in immunohistochemistry. These procedures are very important in diagnosing various autoimmune reactions in body as well as in hemolytic anemia. Many techniques are available. It is useful for the detection of DAT, which involves total elution, and destruction of RBCs . The antibody solution after removal of RBCs, is tested with the help of panel cells. For diagnosis of HDFN, the elution tells that IgG antibodies of mother is coating the red cells of the infant . It is useful for detection of HTR. The antibody elution from the recipient's sample confirms that the antibody was responsible for the haemolytic reaction. It is useful for detection of Acquired hemolytic anemia due to autoimmune or drug induced reactions and for detection of autoantibody to certain drugs. These methods are used to facilitate the treatment of these anemias. There are many techniques used such as citric acid elution and acid glycine elution. There are various techniques of adsorption, which uses PEG and papain mediated adsorption provides improved results in these procedures. The variables that affect the results are temperature, pH, affinity maturation, type of antibody, etc. This paper analysis all the aspects of these two procedures and the various techniques used for performing these tests.

Elution and Adsorption

Introduction

The elution technique is used to release of antibody from the RBCs. The solution is then tested against reagent RBCs to determine antibody specificity [1]. Antibody specificity is increased in transfusion reactions and in autoimmune hemolytic anemias[2]. Antibody release is done by dissociation of antibodies [3]. Many techniques are available. It is useful for the detection of DAT, which involves total elution and destruction of RBCs [4]. The antibody solution after removal of RBCs, is tested with the help of panel cells [5]. For diagnosis of HDFN, the elution tells that IgG antibodies of mother is coating the red cells of the infant [6]. It is useful for detection of HTR. The antibody elution from the recipient's sample confirms that the antibody was responsible for the haemolytic reaction [7]. It is useful for detection of Acquired hemolytic anemia due to autoimmune or drug induced reactions and for detection of autoantibody to certain drugs. It is useful to obtain antibody-free red cells for phenotyping studies [8].

The adsorption is used for detection of antibodies in serum and autologous or homologous RBCs are used for autoantibody removal from the serum; the absorbed serum is eluted for detection of alloantibodies [9]. It is useful for detection of known RBC antigens, which are incubated with plasma to absorb antibody and removal of ABO antibodies from plasma. The Acid Elution is useful to diagnose the cause of a positive DAT or when many antibodies are involved. The acid elution is done to know hemoglobin F distribution in RBCs, this helps in diagnosing persistence of fetal Hb and the presence of fetal RBCs in the maternal blood in pregnancy. PEG and papain are used to do antibody adsorption ...