EFFECT OF MUSIC ON CHRONIC PAIN

Effect of Music on Chronic Pain in Adults and In Older People



Effect of Music on Chronic Pain in Adults and In Older People

Introduction

Chronic nonmalignant pain (CNMP) is a foremost wellbeing care difficulty affecting millions and resulting in significant physical, emotional, and financial costs. According to Healthy People 2010 (Department of Health and Human Services, 2000), arthritis (rheumatoid and osteoarthritis) and chronic back pain are the first and second most common chronic wellbeing problems and the two premier causes of disability in working-age adults in the United States. Although the incidence of arthritis and chronic back pain manage not disagree significantly by race, African Americans have a higher incidence of disability than Caucasians associated to these chronic pain conditions ([Department of Health and Humans Services 2000], [Edwards et al 2001], [Edwards et al 2005] and [Jordan et al 1998]). In supplement, several researchers described higher levels of pain intensity in African-American CNMP patients compared to Caucasian CNMP patients ([Edwards et al 2001], [Edwards et al 2005], [Green et al 2004] and [Riley et al 2002]). However, others discovered either no difference in pain ratings by race (Jordan, Lumley, & Leisen, 1998) or racial variations based on location of pain (Moore & Brodsgaard, 1999). In lightweight of this evidence, it is significant to gaze at promise racial variations in response to all interventions for the administration of CNMP, including complementary interventions such as music.

Music and Chronic Pain

Other than the Siedlecki and Good (2006) study, only two other music-CNMP studies ([McCaffery and Freeman 2003] and [Schoor 1993]) have been published to designated day, and whereas both discovered music to decrease perceptions of pain, neither analyzed promise racial variations in response to the music intervention. In a quasiexperimental pretest-posttest design, Schoor (1993) discovered a positive effect for a single self-selected 20-min music-listening intervention in older (>65 yrs) women (n = 30) with rheumatoid arthritis. Similarly, in a randomized controlled test (RCT), McCaffrey and Freeman (2003) discovered a positive effect for a 20-min researcher-provided music intervention used every day for 14 days in aged (>65 yrs) patients (n = 66) with osteoarthritis pain. However, Schoor's sample was mainly Caucasian, and McCaffrey and Freeman did not report racial or ethnic data. Therefore, it is unclear if either study had a sufficient number of African-American subjects to permit for statistical comparison of responses to the music interventions by race.

In a recent RCT previously described (Siedlecki & Good, 2006), the present investigator analyzed the effect of two (standard music [SM] and patterning music[PM]) 1-h self-administered music interventions used once a day for 7 consecutive days on measures of pain in CNMP patients and discovered that those in the Music Groups had significantly less pain compared with those in the control group. The sample from that RCT, which included both African-American (n = 36) and Caucasian (n = 24) CNMP patients, supplied an opening to analyze racial variations in the response to music for individuals with ...