DURKHEIM THEORY

Relationship between Division of Labour and Social Solidarity

Relationship between Division of Labour and Social Solidarity

Introduction

Emile Durkheim born in the year 1858 and died in 1917 considered as one of the fathers of the field of Sociology. He put his efforts to separate the discipline of sociology from psychology and philosophy. These efforts are found in two main topics that separate Durkheim's work: the importance of social over the individual and the thought that scientific methods can be used in order to learn society. His concepts made the clear distinction between the field of sociology from psychology and philosophy. According to him, Social facts are cultural values and norms that are external in nature. Particular individuals are not linked with social facts. In the views of Durkheim, there are two different kinds of social facts such as, material and immaterial.

Discussion

Durkheim in his work has highlighted several facts about the society. In this assignment, I am going to discuss the relationship among division of labour and social solidarity.

Forms of Solidarity

Durkheim has found out different forms of social integration for instance, Organic and mechanical solidarity (Poggi, 2011, pp. 697-700). Organic solidarity referred to combination that is related with specialty and interdependence, societies of organic solidarity contain the aspect of spirituality and have individualistic nature because of the specialization of the each tasks. It indicates that it has linked up with high division of labour. While Mechanical referred to combination that is with shared attitudes and sentiments. In the society of mechanical solidarity, people have higher degree of religious obligations, and perform similar responsibilities and jobs which indicates that it requires lower division of the labour. Societies organize themselves by these different ways. Common beliefs are found among individual labours where there is little discrimination. Mutual dependence is essential where work is highly distinguished in the society. The difference focuses over Durkheim thinking and shows that how different societies are different from one other, and shows how solidarity changes becomes complex.

Societies that follow mechanical solidarity are likely small and organized around their relationships. Social relationships are shared system of values and attitudes. It motivates punishment for violation of social standards.

As a society grows, it increases the allotment of labours. In the larger societies, grouping of labour is necessary for manufacturing material life. As the society grows, the people become to specialize which removes the concept of collective conscience. Solidarity that based on the common shared beliefs and values eliminated. Complexity leads towards the interdependence not toward disintegration. People do not have the ability to produce everything they must cooperate with others. An organic Solidarity society promotes behaviour that is related with exchanging and compensation rather than punishment (Poggi, 2011, pp. 697-700).

Occupational specialization gives rise to social division of labour. It means that family becomes segregated from social life in distinct from various organizations, as they do not produce all the things on their own. Social classes are also subject to social inequalities because of the factor of division of ...