Diesel

Diesel

Introduction

It is well known that transport is almost totally dependent on fossil particularly petroleum based fuels such as gasoline, diesel fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas. As the amount of available petroleum decreases, the need for alternate technologies to produce liquid fuels that could potentially help prolong the liquid fuels culture and mitigate the forthcoming effects of the shortage of transportation fuels. There are several reasons for diesel to be considered as relevant technologies by both developing and industrialized countries. They include energy security reasons, environmental concerns, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sectors of all countries in the world. Diesel has become more attractive recently because of its environmental benefits. The benefits of diesel over traditional fuels include greater energy security, reduced environmental impact, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. Furthermore, diesel technology is relevant to both developing and industrialized countries. For these reasons, the share of diesel in the automotive fuel market is expected to grow rapidly over the next decade. Diesel could be peaceful energy carriers for all countries. They are renewable and available throughout the world. Policy- makers will need to pay more attention to the implications for the transition to dieseleconomy. The concept of sustainable development embodies the idea of the inter-linkage and the balance between economic, social and environmental concerns. Dieselis a renewable energy source produced from natural (biobased) materials, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum fuels. The most common diesel, such as ethanol from corn, wheat or sugar beet and biodiesel from oil seeds, are produced from classic food crops that require high-quality agricultural land for growth. However, bioethanol is a petrol additive/substitute that can be produced from plentiful, domestic, cellulosic biomass resources such as herbaceous and woody plants, agricultural and forestry residues, and a large portion of municipal and industrial solid waste streams. Production of bioethanol from biomass is one way to reduce both the consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. There is also a growing interest in the use of vegetable oils for making biodiesel, which is less polluting than conventional petroleum diesel fuel (Jackson 2003).

The term diesel is referred to as solid (bio-char), liquid (bioethanol, vegetable oil and biodiesel) or gaseous (biogas, biosyngas and biohydrogen) fuels that are predominantly produced from biomass. Liquid diesel may offer a promising alternative. Liquid diesel are substitute fuel sources to petroleum; however some still include a small amount of petroleum in the mixture. The biggest difference between diesel and petroleum feedstocks is oxygen content. Diesel production costs can vary widely by feedstock, conversion process, scale of production and region. For diesel, the cost of feedstock (crops) is a major component of overall costs. Total dieselcosts should also include a component representing the impact of diesel production on related markets, such as food. In particular, the cost of producing oil-seed-derived biodiesel is dominated by the cost of the oil and by competition from high-value uses like ...