DELIRIUM AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

DELIRIUM AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY



DELIRIUM AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY

Introduction

What one is looking at?

This report is looking or focused on the topic “delirium after cardiac surgery”, explaining what this term is and how it is linked with after effects of cardiac surgery. Delirium is defined as a severe neuropsychiatric disorder of acute nature, organic origin and fluctuations throughout the day. According to the major published researches, delirium is characterized by an altered level of consciousness, a mental status change manifested by a disturbance in attention. It is a disorder knowledge or perception and occurs by the existence of thought disorganized. Delirium is probably the most common manifestation of acute dysfunction of the system CNS, in the context of multiple organ failure in critically ill patients and is recognized as such by most professionals. 

In cardiac surgery, delirium was identified as a complication of surgery for more than half a century. Throughout this time, advances in surgical and anesthesia have improved efficiency and outcomes of cardiac surgery, but the frequency of delirium remains as remains an under appreciated complication. In the hypoactive type, the patient is lethargic and apathetic; it is more common in the elderly, in patients with metabolic disorders and sepsis. This type of delirium more frequently can be diagnosed as depression. Patients admitted to the postoperative care unit for cardiac surgery have the same factors predisposing and precipitating any patient with other critical unit's factors but also present during and after surgery the patient's own heart (Cohn, 2008, 1000).

What is the problem/area of interest?

Delirium is being discussed as recently it is considered the classical organic disorders. Delirium and other acute confusional states of consciousness are characterized by impaired attention, consciousness, intelligence, motor activity, and cognition and sleep-wake cycle. Such situations are developing in 10% of hospitalized patients in UK, more often with respect to the elderly who have undergone heart surgery. In intensive care units, they occur more frequently (up to 30% of patients). The terms, “delirium”, “metabolic encephalopathy,” “acute brain syndrome,” acute organic mental confusion "is sometimes considered synonymous. Of from all these names, it is clear that violations of attention and consciousness in delirium are caused by organic brain damage, rather than trauma, as in dissociative disorders. This is an area of interest as the incidence of postoperative delirium is critical in ill patients (Stoudemire, 2007, 700).

The main approach to be taken

The central approach in this report is to discuss delirium in the context of after heart attacks it causes symptoms recent researches as well as treatment involved in addressing this concern. The role of nurses and mid wives is imminent as far as this topic is concerned, as well.DiscussionThe literature search and development of the matricesLiterature review selection

The literature has been selected by various published articles, journals, books as well as via the internet where information in context to delirium after cardiac surgery is discussed. In cardiac surgery, delirium was identified as a complication of surgery for more than half a century. Throughout this time, advances in surgical and anesthesia have improved efficiency and outcomes of cardiac surgery, but the frequency of delirium remains as remains an under appreciated complication.

Recent data show that this is increasing at an increasing rate mostly elderly ...