First effect of tobacco is impaired fertility. The maternal and paternal smoking increases the duration and time to design, and especially since smoking is important and that parents are older. Tobacco decreases ovarian reserve in oocytes and has an anti-estrogen with particular impairment of cervical mucus, and promotes the production of adrenal androgens. Moreover, tobacco decreases fertility by increasing infertility of tubal origin and the number of ongoing pregnancies. The success rate for IVF is decreased.
Hypothesis
“Effects of smoking on expectant mothers and the neonate”