CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Criminological Research

Criminological research

Question 1

Criminology is the scientific study of crime, the perpetrators, the victims, the types of criminal conduct (and consequent social reaction) and the possible forms of control and prevention. It is a discipline both theoretical and empirical, both descriptive and explanatory, both regulatory and factual. The application of the clinical criminology is expressed especially so at the time of the death and in detention, through scientific observation of the offender that is used by the judiciary monitoring for the individualization of the method by which the punishment must be carried out (Crow & Semmens, 2007, pp.7-8).

Criminology uses a number of theoretical and methodological frameworks of the Human Sciences. Indeed, it is a multidisciplinary science that does not have its own method of research, but it tends to integrate the knowledge confluent from multiple disciplines, including: Sociology, Psychology, Medicine and Law. The operator forensic therefore need to become familiar with tools and conceptualizations also from scientific fields away from his initial training (Davies at el, 2011, pp. 8-9).

Criminology however, is not simply the result of the construction of integrated knowledge, but has its own scientific autonomy, examining some specific dynamics are not considered by the other sciences.

The proliferation of research and psychological knowledge, the school assumes a positive psychopathology and psychiatry. The primary function of Criminology clinical or applied is to integrate and interface Science criminals, in particular criminal law, with the Human Sciences (medical, psychological and sociological), providing useful information to the judicial system and the application of individualized sentence. The fact Criminology seeks to explain individual criminal behavior, highlighting the motivations and dynamics, outlining the responsibility of the author of the criminal (Babbie, 2010, pp. 3-4).

Question 2

The concept of conceptualization in terms of criminology has number of methodological frameworks. It has the complete process that holds significance in terms of research. The process of conceptualization is built on the ideas, empirical evidences and the theoretical level to an observational level. It has three major phases; operationalization, variables, and hypothesis (Walklate, 2007, pp.15).

Currently living in the world of criminological schools that has a theoretical paradigm, which are very far apart. The prevalence of them, however, seems proven approaches of multifactorial, which determine the source of the crime in a series of concomitant psychological variables, social, psychopathological, neurophysiologic and genetic context (Walklate, 2007, pp.16-17). From the descriptive point of view, criminology is responsible for:

both the phenomenology of major crimes, or the way in which they manifest themselves concretely: murder, rape, crimes related to drug use, economic crimes and white-collar and organized delinquency, terrorism, etc;

It is possible classifications of crimes, the offenders (types of authors and not attributable, primary and repeat offenders, etc.), the motives underlying crimes themselves (emotional states and passionate motives of profit motives of revenge, etc.).

In United Kingdom, its practical use is electively in criminal justice where it provides information on the dynamics of psychological, sociological and psychopathological which form the basis of criminal behavior as directing the work of "application of the sanction" ...