COUNSELING THEORIES

Counseling Theories



Counseling Theories

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was primarily developed out of Behavior Modification, Cognitive Therapy and Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and has become widely used to treat various kinds of psychopathology, including mood disorders and anxiety disorders and has many clinical and non-clinical applications. Cognitive Behavioral treatment (CBT) is an umbrella-term for psychotherapeutic systems that deal with cognitions, interpretations, convictions and answers, with the aim of leveraging awkward strong feelings and behaviors. CBT can be glimpsed as a general period for many different treatments that share some widespread components and theoretical underpinnings. (Cooper 2010)

One of the earliest forms of Cognitive Behavior Therapy CBT was Rational Therapy pioneered by Albert Ellis in the early 1950s. Ellis eventually called his scheme reasonable Emotive Behavioral treatment in the mid 1990s, or REBT. It was partially founded as a reaction against popular psychotherapeutic theories at the time, mostly psychoanalysis. Aaron T. Beck, inspired by Ellis, evolved another CBT approach, called Cognitive treatment, in the 1960s. Cognitive treatment quickly became a very popular intervention to study in psychotherapy research in academic settings. In initial investigations, it was often contrasted with behavioral treatments to glimpse which was most effective. In latest years, although, cognitive and behavioral methods have often been combined into cognitive behavioral treatment. This is arguably the prime kind of psychological treatment being studyed in study today. (Rogers 1959)

CBT is applied to large allowance of clinical and non-clinical situation and has been effectively utilised to the treatments of many clinical disorders, character situation and behavioral problems. Cognitive behavioral treatment is often utilised in conjunction with mood stabilizing medications to heal conditions like bipolar disorder. Its submission in healing schizophrenia along with medication and family therapy is recognized by the NICE guidelines inside the British NHS. Cognitive behavioral treatment usually is not an overnight process. Even after patients have learned to recognize their problem, it can take months of effort to replace a dysfunctional cognitive-affective-behavioral process or habit with a more reasonable and adaptive one. (Ward 2000)

Gestalt Theory

Gestalt is a German word for "form' and as applied to Gestalt psychology it means "Unified whole". Hence, Gestalt psychology can be mentioned to as a school of psychology that investigations how people see and know-how objects as entire patterns. The essential points of Gestalt's psychology are the concept of a good figure and the conviction that, in perception, the entire is larger than its parts.

According to Morris & Maisto (2001), Gestalt Law of continuity states that, pieces that extend a pattern or main heading tend to be grouped simultaneously as part of the pattern. In other words in insight, we are inclined to extend contours when the elements of a pattern set up an inferred direction. For example, the regulation of continuity notifies us that we can combine into an object such as a tree if we can make us gaze like a continuation of the existing pattern; that is, if we could combine with the ...