CONFLICTS OF DAMMING WATER WAYS

Conflicts of Damming Water Ways

Conflicts of Damming Water Ways

Introduction

Demand for water is traditionally known for building large dams and reservoirs, or those with limited water sources, water imported from other countries through inter-basin transfers. Opportunities to do more of this future development is limited, such as dam-building and transfer transfers are expensive, often involving social conflict, power and water production in the physical future is also not possible because most of the options have been explored (Patrick, 2001).

Although traditional approaches to water have been very successful, this focuses only on the offer and does not take in to account the increasing competition and consumption of water. More importantly, water supply works in an environment where water tends to, and it remains the case, the object of providing the user. Thus, the user has never paid the real cost of water, as well as the actual cost of the water in the stream itself, its economic value and ecological value. For example, in the agricultural sector in the region consumes about 50% or more of the total amount of water available, and receive very little water (John, 1998).

Social and Environmental Concerns

Mobility and mortality of fish would be deeply affected by dams and hydroelectric turbines. Upstream migration of fish such as salmon spawning grounds prevents the presence of prey. However, this problem can be minimized by installing elevators and stairs to fish or transport fish upstream of the guide. Fish migrate downstream to the sea may be injured or killed during their passage through the turbine. To avoid such deaths, hydroelectric diversion fish screens, lighting and sound devices to use penstock or turbine(Bloom, 1998).

Fish are not only creatures whose lives are endangered species and their habitats from hydroelectric plants. Relocation of the entire human population because of dam construction is one of the major social problems. People living in the valleys used for the storage site should be fully translated, loss of livelihoods and communities. The World Commission on Dams estimates of 40 to 80 million people was forced to relocate due to construction of dams.

Others who live on the banks of the river those are overflowing due to hydroelectric dams and are leading to the devastating floods. Catastrophe as a result of dam was responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths. The refusal in 1975 Banqiao Dam in China, as a result of the monumental increase in precipitation resulted in the deaths of 26,000 people flooding, and 145,000 died of other epidemics and famine that followed. Human civilization and the ecosystems are equally at risk (James, 2001).

Maintain the quality of river water and their ecosystems are essential to minimizing the environmental impact of hydropower. Impoundment hydropower plants should provide a minimum flow of water to maintain ecosystem met on the banks of rivers. The amount of dissolved oxygen in water decreases with underwater turbines, creating dead zones in coastal habitats and threatening marine life. Projects are already developing advanced technologies to prevent injury and turbine mortality of fish ...