COMPUTER SYSTEM

Computer System

Computer System

Introduction

A typical digital computer consists of:a) A central processor unit (CPU) b) A memory c) Input/output (1/0) ports

The memory serves as a location to shop directions, the coded parts of information that direct the activities of the CPU, and facts and figures, the coded parts of information that are processed by the CPU. Agroup of logically related directions retained in recollection is referred to as a Program. The CPU "reads" each instruction from memory in a logically determined sequence, and values it to initiate processing actions. If the program sequence is logical and ordered, processing the program will make intelligible and useful results. (Eadie 1968)

The recollection is furthermore utilised to shop the data to be manipulated, as well as the directions that direct that manipulation the program should be coordinated such that the CPU does not read a non-instruction word when it anticipates to see an instruction. The CPU can quickly access any facts and figures retained in memory; but often the memory is not large enough to store the whole facts and figures bank required for a particular application. The difficulty can be settled by providing the computer with one or more Input Ports. The CPU can address these ports and input the data comprised there. The addition of input docks enables the computer to receive information from external equipment (such as a paper strip reader or floppy computer disk) at high rates of speed and in large volumes. (Stokes 2007)

Acomputer furthermore requires one or more Output docks that permit the CPU to broadcast the outcome of its processing to the out-of-doors world. The yield may go to a display, for use by a human operator, to a peripheral apparatus that makes "hardcopy," such as a line-printer, to a peripheral storage device, such as a floppy computer disk unit, or the yield may constitute process control signals that direct the procedures of another system, such as an automated assembly line. Like input docks, output docks are addressable. (Arpad and Porat 1976)

The CPU unifies the system. It controls the purposes performed by the other components. The CPU should be adept to fetch directions from memory, decode their binary contents and execute them. It should furthermore be able to quotation recollection and 1/0 ports as essential in the execution of instructions. In supplement, the CPU should be adept to identify and reply to certain external command pointers, such as cut off and delay requests. The purposeful units inside a CPU that endow it to present these functions are recounted below.

The Architecture Of A Cpu

Ausual centered processor unit (CPU) consists of the following interconnected purposeful units:

Registers

Arithmetic/Logic Unit (ALU)

Control Circuitry

Registers are temporary storage flats inside the CPU. Some lists, such as the program contradict and direction register, have dedicated uses. Other registers, such as the accumulator, are for more general purpose use.Accumulator:

The accumulator generally shops one of the operands to be manipulated by the ALU. Atypical direction might direct the ALU to add the contents ...