COMPUTER

Looking Inside a Computer Laboratory Literature Search

Looking Inside a Computer Laboratory Literature Search

Introduction

A computer is a calculating machine can automatically perform sequences of operations logical and arithmetic on the input data (input) and return the results of those operations in output (output). Throughout history, the implementation technology of this machine has changed profoundly in the working parts (mechanical, electromechanical and electronic), and in the manner of presenting information (analog and digital) and other characteristics (internal architecture, programmability, etc) (Shu, Strassmann, 2005, 781-787). Nowadays, computers are commonly referred to as a device for electronic and digital, programmable general-purpose built according to the so-called von Neumann architecture and computational-theoretical model of the so-called Turing machine (Ifrah, Georges, 2001, p. 64). Although general-purpose programmable computers are now the most widely exist in specific areas of application of computer models dedicated (industrial automation, home automation, etc). In this form, and like the TV, it represents the symbol of technological means that more has changed the habits of men from World War II to the present: his invention contributed to the birth and development of Computer Modern, which marked the advent of so-called third industrial revolution and information society (Stokes, Jon, 2007, p. 34-51). This paper would focus on the study of the hardware elements that are involved in a computer system.

Discussion

Processor

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an electronic unit, or a chip - singer machine instructions (program code), the main part of the hardware computer or programmable logic controller. Sometimes it is referred to as a microprocessor or simply processor. Originally, the term central processing unit describes a specialized class of logic machines designed to perform complex computer programs (Spithoven, 2003, 679-699). Due to a fairly exact match of the destination features of the then existing computer processors, it was naturally transferred to the computers themselves. The beginning of the term and its acronym in relation to computer systems was initiated in 1960 (Phillips, Tony, 2000, p. 84). The device architecture and implementation of CPUs have changed many times since then, but their main executable functions are the same as before. The main characteristics of the CPU are: clock speed, performance, power consumption, the rules of the lithographic process used in production (for microprocessors), and architecture. Early CPUs were created in the form of unique parts for the unique, and even one-of-a-kind, computer systems. Later on expensive way to develop processors designed to perform a single or a few highly specialized programs, computer manufacturers have moved to mass production of standard classes of multi-processor devices (Whelan, 2000, 50-55). The trend toward standardization of computer components began in the era of rapid and with the advent of integrated circuits, it has become more popular. Creating chips allowed further increasing the complexity of the CPU, while reducing their physical size. Standardization and miniaturization of processors led to a deep penetration based on these digital devices in everyday life. Modern processors can be found not only in high-tech devices such as computers, but also in automobiles, calculators, mobile ...