Comparing 2d And 3d Vision System for Laparoscopic Intracorporeally Suturing

[Name of the institute]Table of Contents

Introduction3

Background of the study3

Laparoscopic Surgery4

3D-laparoscopic imaging6

Surgical Training with Simulators: The purpose of simulation7

Advantages of Surgical training simulation8

Types of surgical simulators9

Low-fidelity simulators10

Using simulators for assessment13

Three Dimension Technologies in Surgery15

3D HD versus 2D HD17

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM)19

Techniques: Suturing and Knot Tying In Laparoscopy20

Basic of Endoscopic Suturing20

Chapter Summary22

End Notes24

Comparing 2d And 3d Vision System for Laparoscopic Intracorporeally Suturing

Introduction

Background of the study

In recent years surgical work and interaction with the operating site has been influenced significantly by the trend towards image guided minimal invasive surgery. More and more complex spatial manipulations have to be performed on the basis of two-dimensional images (endoscopic, x-ray projections, CT,...) and with very limited tactile or haptic feedback. As the visual information is the most important afferent parameter of sensumotoric 3D-manipulation performance, the introduction of new technologies such as computer assisted systems for image guided surgery, telesurgery or virtual environments has to be closely connected to the development and evaluation of adequate 3Dvisualisation technology[2]. In this context, endoscopic surgery is the most prominent example. From the beginning of surgical endoscopy, the main problem has been to provide a sufficient view onto the intracorporal operating site. Endoscopic and even stereoendoscopic optics have been developed more than 100 years ago. Nevertheless, the breakthrough for surgical procedures guided by endoscopic images was initiated by the development of video endoscopic systems, enabling the surgeon and his team to perform interventions cooperatively. Moreover, the surgeons are not forced anymore into a bent posture over the ocular of the conventional endoscope. Thus unnecessary additional workload and the impairment of manual dexterity can be reduced.[2]

Investigations On Basic Phenomena Of Videostereoscopy

The field studies confirmed in principle the findings of our initial investigations. Therefore a more detailed assessment and optimization of these systems and its components seemed to be worthwhile. On one hand this concerns the fact that many surgeons still seem to prefer monoscopic systems and on the other hand apart from the observation of problems of headache or nausea, some people seem to have general problems in perceiving the displayed depth information The first point is somewhat simple to explain: The monoscopic images are brighter and today mostly based on 3-chip camera technology delivering better images with higher resolutions compared to the 1- chip cameras used in stereoscopic systems. As we demonstrated in previous studies, a higher video resolution would also result in a higher resolution of depth perception[2]. Moreover the additional shutter glasses are necessary and seem to cause additional strain. Finally, the stereo-video-endoscopic systems are more expensive. At least the latter point is weakened by the fact, that the time of intervention can be reduced (charges for the operating theater, personnel , anaesthesia, ...), and in addition the spectrum of applications for laparoscopic surgery potentially could be widened.

Laparoscopic Surgery

Laparoscopic surgery is minimally invasive surgery which is performed with instruments and viewing equipment inserted through small incisions (less than 10 mm in diameter) rather than by making a large incision to ...