Comparative Study of Pharmacological Interventions through Morphine Sulfate and Ibuprofen

Comparative Study of Pharmacological Interventions through Morphine Sulfate and Ibuprofen

Introduction

This essay will demonstrate an understanding of the pharmacodynmaics and pharmacokinetics of Morphine and Ibuprofen as agents of pharmacological interventions. The pharmacokinetics of the chosen agents would be linked to discussion of elements like cell receptor levels, inhibition of enzyme actions, and actions in achieving therapeutic effect. The pharmacodynmaics of the agents. It will also evaluate and assess the role of health professionals, particularly nurses, in carrying out the intervention and executing the management of pain through these agents. In the end, the assignment will discuss the adoption of these drugs for particular groups of clients, in order to treat them in varying circumstances of pain and disease (American Pain Society, 2003). Pharmacological approaches have included several oral therapies, such as paracetamol (acetaminophen), oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids, all of which carry a risk of adverse events that typically increases with age..

Discussion

Physiology of Pain

Pain is a phenomenon that affects various aspects of the individual and society as a whole. It serves as a symptom of the most acute and a chronic human disease in modern society creates a number of problems of health, social and economic nature. Thousand years of experience in the study of pain has shown that, despite the apparent simplicity of this phenomenon, it is a phenomenon that manifests itself in a variety of physiological, biochemical, and psychological reactions of the organism, which are closely connected with medicine and other spheres of human society (Nahata, 1991). Pain is a complex physiological process that can be divided into three neurochemical events:

Transduction-occurs at the site where the pain starts to stimulate nociceptors to mechanical events, thermal or chemical.

Transmission: the impulse is transmitted by myelinated fibers and unmyelinated type C-type.

Modulation is performed at the level of the periaqueductal gray matter of the medulla oblongata and the dorsal horn of the spinal cord by endogenous opioids (Raj, 2003).

Physical pain is an alarm signal. Once the cause is identified, it becomes useless. It must be treated and returned to a level that will define the sufferer as bearable. Pain is perceived differently by each according to his personality, its history and meaning of the court. The pain and the sensation is unique to each individual (Mazoit et.al, 2007). The physiological significance of pain is that it has biological significance of preserving the integrity of the individual, is a protective mechanism that appears every time there is an injury present or in part in any body tissue, which is capable of producing a subject's reaction to timely remove the painful stimulus. For these reasons instinctive nature painful stimuli can activate the whole brain in its entirety and implement powerful mechanisms that are targeted at a flight reaction, withdrawal, avoidance and / or seeking help to alleviate. Pain is then a warning mechanism that tells the individual the possibility of imminent or manifest, of malfunction of the body; is aimed for the ...