CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Introduction

If a person or an animal is routinely encountered with certain conditional stimulus will definitely produce conditional response, even not encountered with such stimulus sometimes. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is the most famous in the west, among Russian physiologists; whi is traditionally recognized as one of the founding fathers of the science of behavior. Pavlov's scheme of a conditioned reflex and the underlying classical conditioning is necessarily present in any textbook related to behavior therapy. The scheme of formation of conditioned reflex link all prominent behaviorists and many called Pavlov as his teacher.

In the early twentieth century, Ivan Pavlov was conducting research on the salivation of dogs for a program of research on digestion. To do this, he makes an incision, in the cheek of a dog and inserting a pipe harvested saliva produced by salivary gland of the animal. Then he put the meat powder in the dog's mouth and watched the effect (Gray, 2009).

He noticed that a dog, who was returning in the research laboratory after several times, began to salivate before they fed it. The situation got so much conditional that dog start salivate whenever he see the room.

Pavlov saw this phenomenon in the basis of learning and named this phenomenon by the name of the conditioned reflex (or conditioned) or Pavlovian reflex. Subsequently, he bent over this discovery the rest of his life. He developed the concept and all packaging meeting.

In the second experiment on the subject, he presented the food to another dog. This time, the unconditional stimulus was always the food that caused the salivation of the dog (unconditional response). Consequently, Pavlov began ringing a bell (conditional stimulus) every time he was preparing to serve him his meal. After a short time, he realized that the dog starts salivating when he heard the bell (conditional response), even in a case where it does not bring him food.

Title of Experiment

Classical Conditioning

Overview

Pavlov was researching gastric acid secretion in dogs. In these experiments, he, among other things, put some food in the mouth of a dog, and measured how much saliva is allocated as a result. By chance, he drew attention to the fact that after a few experiments the dog begins to salivate to certain stimuli even before the food gets into her mouth. Salivation "occurred in response to signals such as the appearance of the bowl with the food or the appearance of a man who usually brought food. In other words, the incentives that were not originally led to this reaction (the so-called neutral stimulus), caused salivation due to that associated with the feed, which automatically made the dog salivate. This observation prompted Pavlov to the idea of ??outstanding research, which was opened by a process known as the process of formulating the classical conditioned reflex, or the process of classical conditioning (Rescorla, 1967).

Objective

The main objective of classical condition was to find out behavioral psychology based on behavior therapy using neutral ...