In the North the situation was quite different, and slavery was disappearing. Even the State of New York and that of New Jersey enacted two laws, one in 1799 and another in 1804 for the abolition of slavery and early nineteenth century, the other Northern states enacted similar laws.
In 1860 the Northern free blacks were about 225,000, but their freedom was subject to many constraints, such as limiting the suffrage, the construction of schools separate from those of whites, the impediment to the performance of some jobs and other types ...