CITIZENSHIP AND SOCIAL WELFARE

Citizenship and Social Welfare

Citizenship and Social Welfare

We can share the achievements of the twentieth century sociology in three main phases of three different traditions. This is, firstly, the analysis of social class and nationality that originated from the social reformism before and after the Second World War. The main theme here was the contradiction between the class and social welfare of citizenship, as shown in the sociology of TH Marshall. Secondly, the period of rapid expansion of the University in 1960 and beyond as a result of innovative intellectual areas, in which the "new universities", played a big role. The main theme was the rise of rich consumers, post-war society.

End of 1960 witnessed perhaps the most interesting period of British sociology of the period of extraordinary growth in university places to cope with the baby boom, post-war reconstruction and economic reorganization. Sociology was more important due to the major international issues, such as the events of 1968, Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), and against apartheid. Thirdly, the modern stage, in which there is relatively little intellectual coherence and sociology often finds himself part of the interdisciplinary studies (Women's Studies, leisure studies, cultural and sports studies). This stage was dominated by a few cultural studies, resulting in the worst case of "decorative sociology", namely the sociology of little interest in historical and comparative studies, little attention macrosociological analysis of political institutions, as well as little interest in ethical issues (Turner and Rojek 2001 ). The main exception is the ethical demands Bauman, for example, Postmodern Ethics (1993).

During this period, the professional development of British sociology at the national level, was relatively weak. In contrast to the social sciences in North America, British sociology has had a weak and uneven history of institutional development. British Sociological Association did not have a controlling influence, which has received the American Sociological Association, but in some respects, that the lack of professional regulation has allowed more experimentation and innovation. In basic terms, in the period since 1945 was characterized by lower social class analysis and growth concerns in the post-war wealth as demonstrated by studies of consumer behavior, leisure and sports. There was a wave of publications in 1990, illustrating the transition from the sociology of social classes to the sociology of consumption (Featherstone 1991) and lifestyle (shields 1992).

Sociological analysis of social classes was also important, as the conditions for the emergence of sociology of citizenship, which produced a long debate the legacy of Marshall. His liberal theory of citizenship is one answer to the question of individual rights and social inequality. Social rights extended through three stages: the growth of legal rights in the seventeenth century is writ of habeas corpus, jury system and the rule of law, political rights in the nineteenth century led to a parliamentary system, and social rights in the twentieth century were related to the welfare state. Marshall argued that citizenship was a status position, that offset or improved the class inequalities that arise from the capitalist ...