CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT

Infancy and Early Childhood Development

Infancy and Early Childhood Development

Introduction

For children of all cultures, the care and nurturing present in the early childhood environment is significant and essential to biological and social growth Family and caregiver involvement perpetuate neural processes, which may affect the lifelong cognitive processes of the human organism. Early childhood is a time span of development that spans the ages from 3 to 5 years, between the end of the toddler years and the start of first grade. It is the time to the juvenile child's life when the base is prepared for personal, linguistic, cognitive, and social-emotional natural forces that will elaborate all through life (Kolb, 2000). Yet there is an unmistakable value to early childhood that makes it one of the most intriguing and fascinating time of human development.

The early childhood development phase is the phase in which children develop in a broad spectrum. The developmental stages range from physical to emotional changes up to cognitive changes. During this phase, children become more active and busy. Different physical and biological developments start taking place and are easily recognizable when analyzing there fine and gross motor skills during play and structured activities. Physical and Intellectual attributes such as weight, height and brain development starts developing and play a crucial role in this stage of the child's developmental progress. Thus, it is important to pay scrupulous attention to the way in which children develop during this phase and to find means of implementing and encouraging ways of learning in order to have a successful outcome when viewing the developmental levels of this phase (Berger, 2008).

Parenting Styles and Child Outcomes

Parenting styles influence children's daily lives and can modify the fundamental character of their lifelong perspective. With the wide variety of parental beliefs regarding how children learn, thrive, and behave, there are an equal number of theories on parenting style and interaction. There is a variety of parental characteristics including the level of parental affection and warmth, differences in discipline strategies, and parental interaction. Additionally, she found significant differences in the communicative character between the parent and child, and in the parents' expectations for the child's age-appropriate behavior. There are two patterns of parenting discussed in this paper.

The first parenting style, authoritative parenting, recount parents who are responsive to their children's desires and who further organize to set sensible anticipations and limitations (high responsiveness/high demanding). Authoritative parents are dynamically committed with their children, expressing delight and support in their interactions with their children. These parents adhere to centre lesson measures, address children's misbehavior, and enforce directions serenely and firmly (Baumrind, 2009). However, these parents manage not convey out direct enforcement in an unseeing or inflexible manner; they are open to, and even solicit, input from the child. This flexibility on the part of the parent assists minimizes the child's noncompliance.

Permissive Style

Parents who are attuned to their children's desires but go incorrect to set befitting restricts (high responsiveness/low ...