The term child abuse encompasses many behaviors that adults perpetrate against children, including physical harm, sexual contact, emotional maltreatment, and material neglect of a child's physical, emotional, or medical needs. Those committing abusive acts can include not only the child's biological parents or legal guardians, but also caretakers, teachers, grandparents, members of the clergy, friends of the family, and other adults who have contact with the child (Tower, 2007). The effects of abuse on child health, growth, and development can include death, long-term physical injury, and psychiatric symptoms, such as depression and low self-esteem ...