CANCER

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma



Table of Contents

Introduction1

Analysis2

Causes of Breast Cancer3

Patient History4

Clinical and Medical history4

Mammographic Imaging Techniques5

Positioning Difficulties6

Consideration of Anatomy and Physiology7

Technical Considerations8

Equipment Description8

Mammographic Findings9

Microscopic Report9

Macroscopic Description10

Cytology / Pathology10

Multidisciplinary Role10

Histopathology Report11

Findings11

Patient Management / Treatment12

Further Investigation14

Conclusion14

References15

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

Introduction

Cancer is a tumor associated with the proliferation of both uncontrolled and indefinite cell clone leading to the destruction of the original tissue, expanding local, regional and general tumor and death of the individual without treatment. Breast cancer is an abnormal proliferation of cells in the mammary gland. It is most often carcinoma arose from the epithelium of the glands themselves or their channels (Hortobagyi 1998).

Breast cancer is the cancer, which is typically diagnosed in women worldwide, both before and after the menopause. One woman in nine is affected by breast cancer during her life, and one woman in 27 dies due to breast cancer. In most cases, breast cancer occurs after the age of 50.

The prevention of breast cancer is based on a set of rules and guidelines that are aimed at reducing mortality from this disease, thanks to early detection that one can identify cancer in early stages of its existence, in order to treat the disease. According to a study by the World Health Organization (World Health Organization, WHO), for the years 2000-2001, the world appears each year about 10 million new cases of invasive cancer and these 10% are from breast cancer, the second type of malignancy is lung cancer. It turns out that breast cancer is common among women, around 22%. This figure reaches 27% if we consider the populations of the richest countries, as the risk factors are obesity and smoking, the most popular in industrialized countries (Abeloff et al. 2008).

In this case study, we will be examining a patient, who has suffered from breast cancer. We will be discussing that how it was diagnosed, the ways through which it can be treated and future precautions that must be taken by the patient to avoid reoccurring of breast cancer.

Analysis

The breast cancer is considered to be one of its kinds as it is very dangerous, and it may cause death. It is caused by a malignant tumor by a group of cells, which grow to invade surrounding tissues or it spreads to distant areas of the body. It has been observed that the disease usually occurs in women; however, men also become a victim of breast cancer. Some key terminologies related to breast cancer are discussed below to have an in-depth understanding of the area of study:

Adenocarcinoma: An adenocarcinoma is a cancer that develops in glandular tissue (tissue that produces and secretes a substance). The ducts and lobules of the breast are glandular tissue (produce milk), so the tumors that occur in these areas are often called adenocarcinomas (Beral 2003).

Carcinoma in situ: This term is used with reference to the early stage of cancer, when it is still confined to the layer of cells where it began to grow. In the case of breast cancer, the term in situ ...