CALISTA ROY'S ADAPTATION MODEL THEORY

Calista Roy's Adaptation Model Theory

Calista Roy's Adaptation Model Theory

The nursing practice must be based on nursing theories. This is what makes the nursing discipline a profession. The nursing theories provide direction and guidance for structuring professional nursing practice, education, and research. It also differentiates the focus of nursing from other professions. They serve to guide assessment, intervention, and evaluation of nursing care. They provide a rationale for collecting reliable and valid data about the health status of clients, which are essential for effective decision making and implementation. They help to establish criteria to measure the quality of nursing care. They help build a common nursing terminology to use in communicating with other health professionals. Finally, nursing theories enhance the autonomy of nursing by defining its own independent functions.

n nursing research, nursing theories offer a framework for generating knowledge and new ideas. They assist in discovering knowledge gaps in the specific field of study. Finally, they offer a systematic approach to identify questions for study, select variables, interpret findings, and validate nursing interventions.

To understand nursing theories, a theory, concept, conceptual frameworks, and conceptual model must first be defined. A theory is a supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomena. Concepts are the building blocks of theory, are abstract ideas or mental images of phenomena. A conceptual framework is a group of related concepts. It provides an overall view or orientation to focus thoughts. A conceptual model is a graphic illustration or diagram of a conceptual framework.

Nursing has four basic concepts, called metaparadigms. You can call this conceptual framework of nursing theories in general since a metaparadigm consists of a group of related concepts. The four metaparadigms of nursing are person or client, environment, health, and nursing. A person or client is the recipient of nursing care. Environment is the internal or external surroundings that affect the client. Health is the degree of wellness or well-being that the client experiences.

Martha E. Rogers developed the Science of Unitary Human Beings as nursing's unique body of knowledge. Human beings and their environments are infinite energy fields in continuous motion. They produce patterns and are unitary. Rogers' three principles are the principles of resonancy (continuous change from lower to higher frequency), helicy (increasing diversity), and integrality (continuous process of the human and environmental fields). Roger states that humans are dynamic energy fields in continuous exchange with environmental fields, both of which are infinite. Nurses trained in noncontact therapeutic touch claim they can assess and feel the energy field and manipulate it to enhance the healing process of people who are ill or injured. This nursing theory can be utilized in the nursing practice in many ways. For example, just being present most of the time in the room of a patient may help them recover quicker because of the energy transferred from the nurse to the patient. To utilize this in the nursing practice, the nurse would realize that visitors may help the patient recover ...