CAD

Critical Approach to Development (CAD)

Critical Approach to Development (CAD)

How does environmental policy reflect development policy and theory in your chosen country? Reflect on development theory and approaches to environmental protection in answering this question.

Among environmental policy refers to

The totality of political aspirations, which the preservation of the natural foundations of life of people aim = environmental policy within the meaning of this entry.

Written definition of the environmental guidelines for organizations with an environmental management system introduced (McCormick, John, 2001, p. 21).

Development as an independent policy area

The development of environmental policy as an independent policy area closely linked with the emergence of a widespread" environmental consciousness "in the 1970s, itself a response to dramatically increasing environmental problems were. Engine for this were social movements like the environmental movement and the anti-nuclear movement, and "1968" (see German student movement of the 1960s, 68 movements (McCormick, John, 2001, p. 21).

Development in Germany

In Germany, the policy area developed in four phases. The policy was the first field of the federal government discovered, and the civil society area developed later.

Establishment Phase: At the beginning of the social-liberal coalition in 1969 were the identification of the basic, most clearly perceptible environmental impacts and the development of general problem-solving mechanisms. 1970 adopted by the Federal Government (Cabinet Brandt I) a crash program to protect the environment and on 29 September 1971, the first environmental program. This was more than 100 laws and regulations already announced and partially budgeted. The environmental program also led to greater environmental awareness among the population. While in September 1970, according to a INFAS survey only 41% of respondents to the concept of environmental protection, knew this was in November 1971 announced 92%. The agency responsible for environmental policy rested with the Federal Ministry of the Interior. Consequently, had the FDP, with Hans-Dietrich Genscher presented the Minister of the Interior, the first party, which started its program in the field of environment (1971) (Rushefsky, Mark, 2002, p. 253-254).

1971 called on the federal government the Advisory Council on environmental issues to life, followed in 1972, the Conference of Environment Ministers of the countries and 1974; the Federal Environment Agency founded.

Downturn: With the oil crisis of 1973/1974 became the environmental protection after the first successful establishment over economic arguments behind. For the first time, the phrase "job killer environment" used (Rushefsky, Mark, 2002, p. 253-254).

From the disappointment, of this downturn and the accompanying government inaction resulted in numerous environmental groups and citizens' initiatives, in the field environment. The so-called "environmental protest" formed. With the Association of Citizens' Environmental Protection in 1972, had already umbrella organization founded now organized political protest. A second oil crisis in 1979/1980 contributed to the importance of environmental protection and energy saving again to make more aware.

Consolidation phase: This phase began in the early 1980s. The growing environmental problem pressure and forced its perception by the population and the emergence of green parties and alternative groupings increased the diplomatic importance of environmental protection material. The advent of the new party, the Greens ...