BUSINESS ETHICS

Business Ethics

Table of Contents

Business Ethics4

Introduction4

Ethics step 1. Why change?4

Ethics step 2. System boundaries6

Ethics step 3. Description of existing system?8

Ethics step 3a.Input/output analysis9

Ethics step 3b. Vertical analysis13

Ethics step 4. Key objectives14

14

Ethics step 5. Key tasks15

16

ETHICS Step 6. Key Information Needs20

20

ETHICS Step 6b.Coordination of results from step 4-624

ETHICS Step 7a.Diagnosis of Efficiency Needs26

27

ETHICS Step 7b. Variance matrix27

ETHICS Step 8a.Knowledge & psychological contract30

ETHICS Step 8b.Support/control and task contract34

ETHICS Step 9.Future Analysis38

ETHICS Step 10a. Specification of Efficiency and Social Goals41

ETHICS Step 10b. Resolutions of Efficiency and Social Goals43

ETHICS Step 10c. Conclusions of Socio-technical Efficiency45

ETHICS Step 11.Organisational possibilities46

ETHICS Step 12.Technical possibilities48

ETHICS Step 13. Achieving Objectives49

ETHICS Step 14. Implementation52

ETHICS Step 15. Evaluation53

References54

Business Ethics

Introduction

Several aspects have been taken into consideration for the threat of new entrants. Firstly, the expenditure of British Pharmacy is too costly, especially for the branded prescription drugs. Regarding the pipeline, it takes too long a time for new drugs to move from discovery to market, nearly 12 years. In this situation, the spending on British Pharmacy is high due to the long lead times which have something to do with the clinical testing. Furthermore, the growing spending on British Pharmacy and contrarily the decline of new drugs reaching market indicate that the market yield is falling. Considering the patent protection, one-third of the top 35 molecules (NCEs) will counter patent expiry by 2004 in which the generics will not be against by the regulations. Finally, the spending for pharmacy is controlled by governments and their methods vary from each others and sometime are very strict and combined with many approaches. A further obstacle is the government approvals slow down. In the 1990s, the FDA approved 35-45 new compounds a year but in the first nine months of 2001, only 11 were approved (Smith). The global pharmaceutical industry has long been considered one of the most profitable industries, and historically, it has proven itself to be a low risk, stable investment sector. However, the perception of pharmaceuticals as a 'safe bet' is changing as investor concern mounts over a number of recent negative publicity cases. A number of issues are undermining the industry as a whole giving rise to the importance of looking at individual companies' corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance.

Ethics step 1. Why change?

Step 1 - Why Change

Several members are already involved in activities related to British Pharmacy. Some of these include the implementation of British Pharmacy concepts into courses or working with their regional Medicare-contracted Quality Improvement Organizations (QIO's), who are tasked with working locally with prescription drugs plans and providers to improve quality in medication use. We also expect that many participants in this learning community are just getting started in British Pharmacy activities. The neat thing about a LC is that it provides an environment for all of us to learn from each other. Throughout many years of experience of working for a large, global pharmaceutical company (British Pharmacy), the author has had un-paralleled exposure to working with people from very different cultural backgrounds with disparate values and ...