The public was greatly alarmed by communist subversion when charges of disloyalty were leveled against Alger Hiss, a high-ranking member of the State Department. In 1947, Whittaker Chambers, a former communist agent, claimed that Hiss passed classified State Department documents through him to the Soviet Union. Chambers brought forth microfilms of the documents that where hidden in a pumpkin in his garden. Although he was not tired for espionage, Hiss was convicted of perjury and was sentenced to several years in jail.
In 1947, the Truman administration initiated the Federal Employee Loyalty Program which reviewed the "loyalty" of ...