Biology: Protozoan, Noctiluca

Biology: Protozoa and Noctiluca

Introduction

The paper discusses Nocticula and what makes the ATP where its used in terms of mutations, chromosomes, mitosis, principles of heredity, DNA and gene expression.

Make up of ATP

ATP is a compound of nucleotides of the adenine and ribose phosphate with three groups attached thereto. Hydrolysis of the terminal phosphate is released from the coupling of energy (30.6 kJ mol-1) and is connected to the process requiring energy. Further, hydrolysis of the ADP to AMP sometimes occurs, releasing more energy. Aerobic respiration and photosynthesis both use the same type of membrane-bound protein complex called ATP syntheses to generate ATP from ADP and Pi. ATP formation is also accomplished by two enzyme-catalyzed reactions in glycolysis; this is called substrate-level phosphorylation, which can take place anaerobically (Tanaka, 2003).

In eubacteria, mitochondria and chloroplasts, the ATP synthesis is carried out molecular complex known as the machine for ATP synthesis. Our goal is to understand how this machine works. We mainly focus on the enzyme of mitochondria, which has many common features of bacterial and chloroplast enzymes (Antonietti, 1985). It is located in the inner membrane organelle, which is used for the transmembrane proton motive force (PMF) produced by oxidation of nutrients to a source of energy production of ATP (Tanaka, 2003). During the synthesis of ATP, in a central direction of the rotor rotates about 150 times per second. In order to provide energy to maintain the life of day, each of which gives us the amount of ATP by this mechanism, this is approximately equal to that of body weight.

Uses of ATP

ATP synthesis is significant in Mutations, chromosomes, mitosis, principles of heredity, DNA and gene expression. The ATP in the stored chemical energy is used e.g. for the synthesis of macromolecules from monomeric precursors and the activation of ...