Biology of Cancers

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction to Biology of Cancers

Cancer is a dangerous disease. It could turn out to be fatal and over the years, the very term cancer has been associated with immense fear and concern for people all over the world. Statistics have revealed that cancer is the most common cause of fatalities all over the world and accounted for about 7.6 million deaths in the year 2008. .

The major reason for the spread of cancer is said to be the usage of tobacco, alcoholism, insufficient and poor dietary intake, and lack of physical activity. It has also been estimated that more than 30 percent of deaths caused by cancer can be prevented, but lack of awareness and lifestyle factors contribute to the rapid death rate because of the said disease. The rate is quite alarming because approximations show that by the year 2030, death rates would increase to over 11 million (Globocan 2008) (Cancer, 2010, 45).

Over the years, cancer has spread to affect people from all parts of the world. One in three people have this disease at some point in their lives and more than a quarter will die from this cause. Every day more than 1,000 people die of cancer in the United States and it is still the fastest growing disease in all industrialized nations (Cancer, 2010, 45).

From 1950 to 1990, incidences of cancer adjusted for age has increased by 44%, breast cancer and colon cancer by 60% to 100% prostate, melanoma and lymphoma by 150 % testicular cancer of men between 28 and 35 to 300% of cancers in children by 20%. (Globocan 2008)

1.1 What is Cancer?

Cancer is an abnormality, a disorder that affects the cells of our body. Our body is composed of a multitude of cells; each specialized in a specific function, such as filter impurities from the blood (renal cell) or transport oxygen throughout the body (blood cells). (Blau & Springer 2009, 333-138)

The human body consists of billions of cells with different functions, A cell in the eye have the ability to vision, and the cell in the ear has the ability to hear, and the cell in the breast have the ability to milk secretion, and cell heart have the ability to contract and pump blood, but they are all subject for accurate system in the division and secreted and functions, if one cell out ...