Biology

Biology

Biology

Question 1: Lungs

Section A

Describe the effects that asthma has on the structure and function of the lungs.

Asthma is a disease that affects the lungs of a human being. There are different consequences and effects of asthma on human beings. It affects the structures and functions of the lungs. It is a diease that directly attacks the lungs of a human being. The main reasons are the airways that causes the changes in the lungs. These airways are the tubes used for pumping the air inside and outside the lungs. The affected people of asthma have the inflamed airways. Because of the inflammation, the airways become swollen and sensitivity increases in them. As a result, they start reacting in a strong way to the inhaled objects. When the airways react, the muscles around them tighten. This makes the narrow and less air reaches the lungs. The swelling also can worsen and narrow the airway further. The cells of these pathways may make more mucus than normal (Kovack, 2007, p. 1454). Mucus is a thick, sticky liquid that can further narrow the airways. Lung ventilation is the inspiration of the air inlet or contains the oxygen necessary for life and breath out or carbon dioxide is formed within the body. The whole exchange takes place in the lungs, but the means of entry and exit are the bronchi.

Bronchial asthma or reversible pulmonary hyper reactivity is an inflammatory disease of the airways or bronchi overreact to situations or substances are usually harmless and part of a group of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, among which are also chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. When these harmful environmental factors come into the bronchial tubes, they become inflamed quickly and constrict airways obstructing the passage of air, both to enter and leave the lungs. While the membrane,that protects secret viscous mucus, known as "phlegm" that remain in the lungs and cause respiratory infections. Asthma is a chronic disease that affects the lungs. It may take several years or for life, causing symptoms to varying degrees, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing characteristic chest. With a few precautions and some adaptations, the asthmatic, however, can lead a normal life without refrain (Kern, 2003, p. 359). When a person inhales, air passes through the lungs through progressively smaller airways called bronchioles. The lungs contain millions of bronquiosolos, all lead to the alveoli - microscopic sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged.

Section B

Wheezing and shortness of breath is two signs/symptoms of asthma. Describe these two signs/symptoms and explain the physiological changes that are causing each.

Wheezing is the most characteristic symptom, although in the first years of life, some other diseases may wheeze. People call it by many names: whistling, hissing, jija, fatigue. These terms people use to say what happens to their children comfortably corroborate the examination (auscultation) by the doctor with a stethoscope (stethoscope), although often wheezing is audible without needing any device (Dietl, 1996, p. 401). Asthma in different people develops different ...