ATOMOSPHERIC POLLUTION

Traffic-related air pollutants

Traffic-related air pollutants

Pollen cytoplasmic granules (PCG) are laden with allergens. They are issued from lawn pollen kernels next communicate with water and can pattern the respirable allergenic aerosol. (Schäppi 1997) On other hand, traffic-related air pollutants NO2 and O3 are renowned to be engaged in present boost in occurrence of allergic infections by their adjuvant effects. Our target was to work out consequences of air pollutants on issue of PCG from Phleum pratense(timothy grass) pollen. P. pratensepollen was revealed to some concentrations of NO2 and O3. (Currie 2000)

The induced morphological damages were discerned by ecological scanning electron microscopy, and allowance of PCG issued from pollen upon communicate with water was measured.The percentages of impaired kernel were 6.4% in air-treated controls, 15% after remedy with largest NO2 dose (50 ppm) and 13.5% after exposure to 0.5 ppm O3. In treated trials, the part of kernels spontaneously issued their PCG. Upon later communicate with water, residual intact kernels issued more PCG than pollen revealed to air only. (Nygaard 2005)

Raising atmospheric contamination grades is one of likely interpretations for present boost in occurrence of respiratory allergic diseases. The traffic- associated gaseous pollutants O3 and NO2 are renowned for their toxicity on respiratory tracts, as well as for their adjuvant result on respiratory hypersensitivity and on asthma. (Suphioglu 1992)Moreover, these pollutants can furthermore combine with airborne pollen kernels and change their allergen content and release. Phleum pratensepollen is one of most widespread causes of outdoor allergens. (Taylor 2002)

Although it is too large-scale (35 m) to penetrate airways, it can issue cytoplasmic granules (CG) next communicate with water. Due to their little dimensions (3 m), these granules can pattern the respirable aerosol adept of coming to deep airways. (Marks 2001) Previously, we have shown that Phleum pratensepollen CG (PCG) comprise allergens and can initiate the lesser allergic answer in pollen- sensitized rats. In supplement, purified PCG were adept to major for exact IgE and T-cell answers in the rat form of allergy. A spectacular demonstration of allergenic promise of PCG is so-called thunderstorm-associated asthma. (Taylor 2004)

During these episodes, PCG are issued from pollen kernels by communicate with rainwater. Intact and drained pollen kernels are cleaned down by rainfall but PCG, due to their little dimensions, are conveyed by breeze, and the PCG-enriched cloud is formed, which proceeds along front of thunderstorm. Pollen- allergic patients who meet this cloud would be more susceptible to undergo the asthma attack. (Suphioglu 1998)

The objective of our study was to work out if traffic-related pollutants O3 and NO2, by impairing pollen kernels, could furthermore considerably boost allowance of PCG issued and therefore have the influence on amount of allergens in airborne submicronic fraction. We revealed pollen kernels to some concentrations of gaseous pollutants in the fluidization chamber. Pollen kernels were then discerned with the ecological scanning electron microscope (ESEM) to work out percentage of impaired kernels, and we assessed alterations in PCG issue next communicate with water. (Motta 2004)

Traffic-related causes of air contamination are drawing expanding anxieties ...