ASSESSMENT

Assessment - Critical Evaluation and Application of Research

Abstract

Human experiences of pain can be explained through different definitions and meanings. Science affects these meanings and definitions when multiplied, and makes the process of managing pain complex as a clinical issue. In addition, the authors discuss that since the last 40 years; there have been significant contributions pertaining to information about and its management with the help of research and clinical innovation. In this paper, we will be analyzing the studies of different authors and their work in the field of pain management in different contexts. Also, the research will be based on past studies to understand the researchers conducted by different authors in this area of study.

Table of Contents

Abstractii

Introduction1

Methodology1

Review of the Literature2

Types of Anesthesia2

Results5

Discussion6

Conclusion7

References8

Assessment - Critical Evaluation and Application of Research

Introduction

If a patient is hit with a rod by the doctor before an operation to make the patient unconscious, then it will be similar to a scary joke. However, it was considered to be an option when anesthesia was not developed in medication. With the advanced medical researches and developments in this area, surgeries have become painless because of pain management techniques. The choice of drug is dependent on the duration of the surgery, which varies from a few minutes to over eighteen hours (Mimi et al. 2012: pp. 2-8).

In this paper, we will be analyzing the studies of different authors and their work in the field of pain management in different contexts. Also, we will be discussing the types of anesthesia, as discussed by different authors in their studies. Further, legal and ethical issues of pain management are also discussed in the paper.

Methodology

For this research, we would be reviewing the literature. The reason for selecting and analyzing past studies in this context is that it will give us an in-depth analysis of the study. The measurements of choice for literature were relevancy to research topic and year of publishing. Both public and individual libraries as well as online libraries were chaffered to approach the data. Some of online databases that were accessed are Science Direct, MEDLINE, CINAHL Proquest, and EBSCO, etc. Data collection establishments, for example Gallup and AC Nielsen carry on researches on a repeated basis homing in on a wide range of subjects. The number of articles identified for this research was 15 different studies.

Review of the Literature

Johansson et al., in their study, identified 11 articles involving 1044 participants. Most studies included one experimental and one control group; only two had more than one experimental and control group. The educational interventions varied widely, but the majority were based on written materials alone, or written materials in combination with other teaching methods. The most common outcome measures related to pain, knowledge, anxiety, exercises and length of stay, and the least common to self efficacy and empowerment (Johansson et al. 2005: pp. 212-223).

With the concept of preoperative patient education, there appears to be a lot of arguments in the literature about its effectiveness but ...