Critical-thinking instruction is sometimes likened to courses that aim to increase intelligence because it seems logical to many people that if one becomes a better critical thinker, then intelligence must also increase. Much like intelligence, there has been disagreement as to whether critical thinking can be taught or improved throughout life, but unlike intelligence, few people believe that the ability to think critically is an inborn or innate skill that is relatively immune to educational practices or environmental effects (Moore, 2007).
Clearly, critical-thinking instruction should include a metacognitive function. Learning about learning and memory has a beneficial effect on ...