ARGENTINA

The Impact Of Railway Development On The Nationalist Movement In Argentina

Table of Contents

Introduction3

Discussion3

Revitalizing the railways15

The Argentina Experience18

Basic facts18

Lessons from the Argentina experience20

Specific Measures for Argentina Railways21

Separation21

Tender Design22

Independent Regulator23

Argentina Common Network25

Conclusions27

Endnotes29

The Impact Of Railway Development On The Nationalist Movement In Argentina

Introduction

In the 1990s and afterwards, the interregional trade in Mercosur and Comunidad Andina has surged enormously. This trade expansion is putting a greater burden on the transportation infrastructure. It appears that a modern and efficient transportation system is a prerequisite for the development of trade. But a modern and efficient transportation system can only be sustained within a competitive framework.

Discussion

On the eve of World War II, despite much effort, the nationalist movements were unable to make any headway and failed. The failure of the nationalist movements can be attributed to various factors. Nationalist organizations were saddled by disunity and the failure to win mass support. On top of the weakness of the nationalists, external factors including the complex demographic makeup hindered the nationalist in achieving success. Most crucially, the colonial rulers proved to be a force too formidable to deal with- their employment of tools of repression and ability to co-opt sections of the native populations eventually caused the nationalist movements to fail.

The oppression of the colonial rulers prevented the nationalist movements from making any headway. To begin with, most of the colonial rulers did not have the intension of sharing powers with their nationalists. The French were being described as offered no more than example; they offered no power-sharing, and they had no concept of a commonwealth... The nationalist movement was formed very much in antagonism to them. The colonial powers were willing to crush any opposition as long as they deemed it to be a threat to their authority. The oppression limited the space for the nationalist to grow legally in terms of nationwide associations and movements.

In Argentina , through the series of uprisings planned by the VNQDD in 1930, mutinies at Yen Bay and elsewhere were suppressed. Forty- three bombs were dropped on a village named Co Am. Twenty- two death sentences were carried out and thirteen of the parties leaders were later guillotined. Another such example of colonial oppression is evident in Indonesia whereby the Dutch clammed down on the Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI) during the Banten uprisings. The Dutch arrested 13 000 followers of PKI. An ambitious long- term plan of training a nationalist cadre drawn up by Hatta and Sjahrir was also ended by Dutch police action. For the rest of 1930s, nationalists were reduced to attempting, without succession, to argue concessions out of the Dutch in the semi- representative Peoples Council. Any progress the nationalists made was eliminated almost immediately using extremely efficient intelligent services which acted swiftly against any opposition it met. Therefore before the nationalists were able to make any significant development in the nationalist movements, they were faced with execution or imprisonment, causing the nationalist movements to fail eventually.

In addition, the oppression also limited the success of the nationalist movements ...