APPLICATION OF THE CIPP MODEL

Application of the CIPP model

Application of the CIPP model

One very useful approach to educational evaluation is known as the CIPP, or Context, Input, Process, Product approach, developed by Stufflebeam (1983). This provides a systematic way of looking at many different aspects of the curriculum a guide for learning which integrates the philosophy and orientation of a trainingprogramme, expected learning outcomes, key content, methodology and evaluation for the teaching and learning process. development process. There is a risk, however, that it may be directed only by 'experts' or 'outsiders', and for this reason it is vital to identify ways in which various stakeholders can be meaningfully involved.

Figure 1 portrays the basic elements of the CIPP Model in three concentric circles. The inner circle represents the core values that provide the foundation for one's evaluations. The wheel surrounding the values is divided into four evaluative foci associated with any program or other endeavor: goals, plans, actions, and outcomes. The outer wheel denotes the type of evaluation that serves each of the four evaluative foci. These are context, input, process, and product evaluation.

Each double arrow denotes a two-way relationship between a particular evaluative focus and a type of evaluation. The task of setting goals raises questions for a context evaluation, which in turn provides information for validating or improving goals. Planning improvement efforts generates questions for an input evaluation, which correspondingly provides judgments of plans and direction for strengthening plans. Improvement activities bring up questions for a process evaluation, which in turn provides judgments of actions and feedback for strengthening them. Accomplishments, lack of accomplishments, and side effects command the attention of product evaluations, which ultimately judge the outcomes and identify needs for achieving better results.

Figure 1: Key Components of the CIPP Evaluation Model and Associated Relationships with Programs

These ...