APA RESEARCH PAPER

The impact of tourism industry and tourist attitude after the tsunami effect on Indonesia



Literature Review

Tourism has developed into the world economy as a very important and dynamic sector, particularly for developing and less developed countries. Tourism growth does not only impacts on the activities associated with the tourism industry, but it also creates value for other sectors such as hospitality and transport. Tourism enables the creation of jobs for various levels, professional and unskilled, and who are often excluded from the labour market, such as women. In some developing countries, tourism is already an important and dynamic sector and will continue in other countries. The possibilities of this phenomenon are to use, but it is also necessary to ensure that the sector should not build up in an uncontrollable manner endangering the environment and ecological balance and the cultural and social life of the country (Chua 2010). Loose development of the tourist industry could threaten its long-term development.

The tourism industry, which has grown to meet the needs of all the travelers, is unusual because of its size and structure, with a number of components playing a part. It consists of all the commercial and non-commercial enterprises and agencies which make encourage tourism. Collectively, they form a network made up of inputs from a series of individual industries, rather than a discrete and homogenous industry, and some of the participants may have customers who are not tourists such as excursionists and local residents. Core industry sectors are tourism administration and development, passenger transportation, hospitality, attractions, tour operation and retail travel. The tourism administration segment determines the environment within which the overall industry works while transport, hospitality and attractions sell the services essential to the tourist experience (KELLEY 2010). These may reach tourists directly or indirectly through intermediaries of tour operators who combine separate ingredients into single products, and travel agents, who are the retailers in the distribution chain. An additional miscellaneous category includes providers of travel insurance, currency exchange and travelers' checks and travel literature.

Conventional structures and ways of doing business are, however, changing. Intermediaries are being challenged by new channels of distribution and especially Internet technology, which facilitates direct communications and transactions between customers and suppliers. This has resulted in the threats and also has raised questions about the prospects of “bricks and mortar” travel agents in particular. Vertically integrated giant travel groups are another power reshaping industry systems, especially in Europe where companies like TUI have their own hotels, airlines, travel agents and tour operators.

Key Theories in Tourism

It is pertinent that for sustainable tourism development that the key theories and relevant tourism literature is being referred to draw on learning for effective disaster management strategies. Some of the most interesting tourism theories in terms of their continued use in tourism and their relevance to community planning and development include Butler's Tourist Area Life Cycle, Leiper's Industrial Tourism System, Hall's Tourism Market System, Murphy's Ecological Model of Tourism Planning, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Push and ...