ANNOTATIVE BIBLIOGRAPHY

Annotative Bibliography: Immune Response to Bacterial Resistance

Annotative Bibliography: Immune Response to Bacterial Resistance

Article 1: Tuberculosis Vaccine Research: The Impact of Immunology

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease transmissible and non-immunizing, with clinical variables. It is a very contagious infection of the lungs and spreads towards other organs as well. It is caused by a mycobacterium tuberculosis complex corresponding to different germs, mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to the article, a vaccine was first tested in 1886 by Vittorio Cavagnis while at the same time Robert Koch tried unsuccessfully to develop a serum-based tuberculin healing (McShane, 2011). TB is one of the most leading causes of death in the world. The prevalence of this disease is increasing day by day with more and more individuals falling victims of TB. The strategies of the anti-TB can be separate in two different approaches. The authors argue that nowadays the TB vaccinations' policy specifically for the infants is the part of the government run Universal Immunization Program which offers free vaccinations which are for six vaccine preventable diseases i.e. measles, polio, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), diphtheria and tuberculosis. According to the article, the bureaucratic structures of the Primary Health Care Centre, focuses more on the inputs rather than the outcomes, lack of accountability and the capacity of the services that are being provided, badly constructed infrastructure as well as the jumbled budgeting are some of the main causes the failure of the government to fulfil its target of immunization which was set at a coverage of 85% of all the children. Besides the care services provided by the public health, there has been a fast raise in the care services of the private health.

Article 2: Cathepsin X prevents an effective immune response against Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori infection is a spiral gram bacterium infecting the numerous areas of duodenum and stomach. There have been various cases of duodenal ulcers, duodenitis, gastric ulcers, gastritis and possibly other cases of lymphoma of the stomach and gastric cancer etiologically related to infection by Helicobacter pylori. However, according to the article, the majority (90%) infected with Helicobacter pylori carriers show no symptoms of disease. It is estimated that over two thirds of the total population of the world has the helicobacter pylori infection. The rate of this infection varies from one country to the other. In the Western part of the world, specifically North America, Australia and Western Europe, the proportion is around 25 percent of the population, being much higher in the third world (Boyanova, pp. 45). There are several strains of Helicobacter pylori, and the genome of the three of them is completely sequenced. According to the authors, the Cathepsin X co-localize on THP-1 membrane of the cell with the receptor of Mac-1 integrin while there is an increase in the aggregation of homotypic and the proliferation of mononuclear cell which is associated with certain events that lower the activity of Mac-1 activity. The Cathepsin X level can be determined through the monocyte cells of THP-1 which ...