An Analysis of Ophthalmology Trainees' Perceptions of Feedback for Cataract Surgery Training
By
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
My thanks go out to all who have helped me complete this study and with whom this project may have not been possible. In particular, my gratitude goes out to friends, facilitator and family for extensive and helpful comments on early drafts. I am also deeply indebted to the authors who have shared my interest and preceded me. Their works provided me with a host of information to learn from and build upon, also served as examples to emulate.
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DECLARATION
I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this thesis/dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, & this thesis/dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level previously. It is also representing my very own views & not essentially which are associated with university.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSii
DECLARATIONiii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION1
Background1
Theoretical framework1
Rationale2
Problem statement4
Research Questions5
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REIVEW6
Introduction6
Cataract surgery services7
Search strategy8
Practice volume8
Inclusion and exclusion criteria10
The Role of Feedback11
Health service consumption12
Factors Influencing change13
Nature of feedback14
Feedback sources16
Feedback specialty18
Feedback consistency19
Manner and timeliness of delivery of feedback20
Educator training20
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY29
Theoretical framework29
Grounded theory29
Data collection33
Reliability34
Validity35
Ethical issues37
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION38
General findings38
Improving the feedback41
Good trainer42
Enthusiasm44
Knowledge44
Communication44
Innovation45
Honesty45
Qualifications45
Bad trainer45
Seeking barriers to feedback46
Barriers in giving feedback47
Workplace based assessment (OSATS) forms47
Recording operations49
Effect of feedback on subsequent performance50
Simulators51
Wet labs52
CHAPTER 5: REFLECTIONS AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY57
REFERENCES62
APPENDICES70
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Background
A cataract is a clouding of the crystalline lens in the eye that impedes the passage of light and affects vision, ranging from slight to complete opacity in extent. Cataracts typically progress slowly to cause vision loss, and are potentially blinding if untreated. A cataract may be caused by various factors, such as age-related, drug-induced, trauma caused. According to the latest assessments, age related cataract is responsible for 48% of world blindness. As a result, cataracts are very common in elderly people. It is reported that by age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have already had cataract surgery. This leads the cataract surgery to be one of the most common surgery operations in U.K. Cataract surgery is the removal of the natural lens of the eye with cataract, and replacement of a synthetic lens to restore the lens transparency (Strauss & Corbin 1994, 273).
Theoretical framework
With years of evolution, cataract surgery has become a standard operation. However, due to the small size of the eye, the complexity of the surgery, as well as the human cost and time restrictions, training of the surgery is still a time and resource consuming procedure. As for the time cost, it is reported that for a two-phase training, it generally takes 6 to 12 months for a resident surgeon to get familiar with the first phase of the surgery, which involves only hands-off observation. Another 6 to 12 months for the second phase, which involves supervised practice and operations (Morse 2001, 16).
After the training, it will still take a long time for a surgeon to gain broad experience, especially experience for dealing with complicated ...