A Raisin In The Sun

Introduction

Lorraine Hansberry's play introduces young readers to crucial issues in the African American community: the fragmentation of the family, the black male's quest for manhood, and the problems associated with integration. Lena is the prototypical African American matriarch who struggles to hold her family together in the face of poverty and discrimination. Although Walter's eloquent speech to Mr. Linder at the end of act 2 saves the Youngers from disgrace, Lena is the play's moral center, urging the members of her extended family to end their quarreling, accept their responsibilities, and love one another, as depicted in the quote “Do I remain a revolutionary? Intellectually -- without a doubt. But am I prepared to give my body to the struggle or even my comforts? This is what I puzzle about.” (Wilkerson, 235).

Walter's quest for manhood is another key theme in Hansberry's drama. Walter wants to replace Big Walter as the head of the Younger family, but he is barely able to support the Youngers on his chauffeur's wages. He also shows himself to be irresponsible with money, and he has a tendency to walk away or turn to drink when family problems arise. Although he frequently falters along the way, Walter demonstrates by the end of the play that he can replace his deceased father as the head of the family. Hansberry wants the audience to believe that Walter's change is both significant and permanent: when he said, “Obviously the most oppressed of any oppressed group will be its women.” (Ward, 223).

Analysis

Equally absorbing is Hansberry's dramatization of Beneatha's quest for womanhood. She is a young woman attempting to break away from the pattern set by the other Younger women, Lena and Ruth. They are wives, mothers, and maids; Beneatha is in college and aspires to become a physician, a virtually unattainable occupation for African American women of the 1950's. During the play, she is pursued by two suitors who try to steer her in their own directions: George Murchison, the son of a wealthy African American businessman, and Joseph Asagai, a Nigerian student studying in the United States. Beneatha rejects the option of becoming the well-to-do wife of George, and, although she is fascinated by the lost African culture that Asagai represents, she will probably remain independent and go in her own direction, as she states in her quote “if by some miracle women should not ever utter a single protest against their condition there would still exist among men those who could not endure in peace until her liberation had been achieved...” (Wilkerson, 235).

A Raisin in the Sun is rife with conflicts: generational conflicts, gender conflicts, ideological conflicts, and perhaps most important, conflicts of dreams, which are at the center of the play. By placing three generations in the same cramped quarters, Hansberry focuses dramatically on some of the essential differences between age and youth. Mama Younger's concern is always for the welfare of her children. She wants to provide for Beneatha's education and find a ...