[A Historical Analysis of Violence against Women]

by

Acknowledgement

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.

DECLARATION

I, [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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Abstract

This study highlights the historical perspectives, prevalence, causes and implications of violence against women. The first chapter presets introduction of the topic followed by literature review in the second chapter. The qualitative methodology is presented in chapter three, while the analyses and findings are covered in the fourth chapter. The fifth chapter concludes the dissertation, with recommendations and implications.



Table of Contents

ABSTRACT1

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION3

Background of the Study3

Purpose of the Study5

Aims and Objectives5

Problem Statement6

Scope of the Problem7

Significance of the Study7

Definition of Terms9

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW10

Forms of Violence10

Organizations, Initiatives, and Projects11

Feminist Movements to End Violence Against Women12

Social and Political Movements12

Mass Media17

International Initiatives17

Social Construction of the Discourse18

Psychological approaches19

Lexicalization of violence contrary to women21

Contextualized Explanations: Feminist Approaches22

Race and Class Dimensions of the Discourse22

Institutionalization of the Discourse23

Regulating Domestic Violence and Maintaining Male Dominance24

Violence against Women Act25

Background And Key Provisions26

Morrison and its Aftermath28

Gendered Symmetry or Asymmetry?29

Institutionalization and Gender Neutralization31

Globalization and Gender Accentuation33

Converging Identities and Domestic Violence35

Gender, Sexuality, and Domestic Violence37

Battered Women39

Incidence of Battering43

Causes of Battering43

Effects of Battering45

Role of Social Work and Other Mental Health Professionals46

Purpose of Batterer Intervention Programs47

Models of Batterer Intervention Programs48

Individual Models48

Family Models50

Effectiveness of Batterer Intervention Programs51

Response and Prevention52

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY55

Qualitative Research55

Research Method55

Literature Selection Criteria56

Search Technique56

Keywords56

Theoretical Framework56

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION62

Violence against Women62

Crime Rates65

Domestic Violence, Impact on Women and Children69

Impact on Women's Mental Health70

The Protective Effect of Social Support for Women71

Rape and Sexual Assault72

Intimate Partner Violence74

Fear of Crime75

The Criminal Justice System77

The Civil Justice System78

Police Response to Violence contrary to Women80

The State and Violence contrary to Women81

Federal Funding82

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION83

Recommendations83

Implications for Intervention and Policy84

Implications for Future Research92

Conclusion94

REFERENCES96

Chapter 1: Introduction

Background of the Study

Although violence against women and violence by women are apparently disparate topics, they are connected not only by the conspicuous (gender) but in other modes as well. For demonstration, women are victimized by intimates and associates at a high rate and are furthermore more probable to victimize those with who they are intimate. In numerous situations, women's victimizers and victims may be distinct persons, but occasionally they are one and the same. In violence contrary to women, for demonstration, women's violence is retaliation against the violence that has been perpetrated upon them. Both violence against women and violence by women can be connected by a idea of aggression that anecdotes for the interaction between both the one-by-one and societal antecedents of violence. Violence contrary to women embraces activities of verbal or individual force, coercion, or omission that source individual, psychological, or other impairment to juvenile women and to women and that force them to stay in a subordinate ...