12 Grade Educational Outcomes of Low Income Black Youth

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my appreciation to my professors and teachers who have helped me during the course of the thesis. I also want to thank my family and friends who have supported me immensely in making my dissertation. I would like to thank everyone for being a huge source of continuous guidance.

DECLARATION

I [type your full first names & surname here], declare with complete confidence that the entire content which has been utilized in the following thesis has been my individual effort. Moreover the content which has been utilized in the dissertation has never been published before. I would also like to express that all the opinions are based on my individual thinking and it is not based on university opinions.

Signature:

Dated :ABSTRACT

In the following proposed study, we will analyze and examine the various factors which affect the student's educational outcomes and academic achievements. The main focus of the study is to analyze the various factors which affect the educational outcomes of low income black youth. The research study will also analyze the various theories which have been implemented in the relevant field. The research study adopts the quantitative methodologies for the purpose of data collection and its analysis. In the end the research study also provides adequate recommendations and suggestions for future research and also provides implications for the study.

Table of contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 01: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION1

Outline of the study1

Background of the study1

Rationale of the study2

Research aims and objectives3

Research questions4

Theoretical framework5

Limitation of the study6

Time scale7

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW9

Education9

Summary literature review10

Significance of education11

Summary literature review12

Improves citizenship behavior12

Provides productive future12

Enhances awareness13

Helps in decision making13

Bolsters confidence13

Summary literature review14

Educational outcomes and achievements14

Summary of literature review14

Achievement gap15

Summary literature review16

Black students in United States17

Summary literature review17

Graduation, Dropouts, and Preparedness18

Summary literature review18

Schools, Segregation, and Teacher Quality18

Summary literature review19

READING AND MATH SCORES OF LOW INCOME BLACK STUDENTS19

Summary literature review21

Educational outcome of black students21

Summary literature review22

Impact of Cultural and environmental factors on outlook of students22

Summary of literature review24

Impact of Structural and institutional factors on outlook of students24

Summary literature review25

IMPACT OF SOCIAL FORCES ON EDUCATIONAL OUTLOOK OF STUDENTS26

Summary literature review28

Ogbu's theories of oppositional identity28

Summary literature review30

Factors influencing educational outcomes30

Individual Student Characteristics and Educational Outcomes30

Summary literature review31

Family Structure and Educational Outcomes31

Summary literature review32

Students' Educational Outlook and Educational Outcomes32

Summary literature review32

Summary literature review33

Summary literature review34

Strategies to enhance student's educational outcomes34

Program quality34

Professional development35

Family involvement35

Create positive learning environment36

Individualized support36

CHAPTER 03: METHODOLOGY37

Overview of qualitative and quantitative research methods37

Research design39

Research method39

Procedures40

Analytical plan41

Dependent variables43

Data analysis43

Qualitative data analysis44

Quantitative data analysis44

Literature search45

Informed consent45

Confidentiality46

Validity46

Reliability47

Ethical considerations48

CHAPTER 04: DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS50

Regression model analysis50

MODEL 1: GENDER52

MODEL 2: INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS54

MODEL 3: INDIVIDUAL EDUCATIONAL OUTLOOK57

MODEL 4: SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT60

MODEL 5: PREMATURE ADULT LIFE EVENTS66

Discussion70

Literature review analysis71

CHAPTER 05: CONCLUSION76

Future aspects77

REFERENCES78

CHAPTER 01: BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION

Outline of the study

The following study is based on the topic “12 grade educational outcomes of low income black youth”. The first chapter of the thesis will demonstrate and provide details on the introduction to the topic which will also highlight the aims and objectives and background of the ...