Smoking Cessation Minimizes the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Adults Who Smoke

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would take this opportunity to thank my research supervisor, family and friends for their support and guidance without which this research would not have been possible.



DECLARATION

I [type your full first names and surname here], declare that the contents of this dissertation represent my own unaided work, and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the University.

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ABSTRACT

Doctors and other healthcare professionals are in a unique position to advice smokers to quit by their ability to integrate the various aspects of an effective counselling. The present review provides an overview of non-pharmacological interventions for smokers presenting in a clinical setting. Strategies used for smoking cessation counselling differ according to the patient's readiness to quit. For smokers who do not intend to quit smoking, physicians should inform and sensitise about tobacco use and cessation. For smokers who are dissonant, physicians should use motivational strategies, such as discussing barriers to cessation and their solutions. For smokers ready to quit, the physician should show strong support and help set a cessation date. Physician counselling for smoking cessation is among the most cost-effective clinical interventions.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTii

DECLARATIONiii

ABSTRACTiv

Introduction1

Background/Justification2

Aims4

Objectives4

Research Question5

Value of the Study5

Research Methodology6

Qualitative Research6

Research Design8

Quantitative Research9

Research Techniques and Procedures9

Discussion10

Intervention strategies10

The four principles10

Motivational interviewing10

Identify your customer responsiveness to quit10

Stages of change11

Pharmacotherapy Options11

Conclusion11

REFERENCES13

Smoking Cessation Minimizes the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in the Adults Who Smoke

Introduction

Smoking is one of the biggest public health problems that have ever confronted humanity, leading the cause of poverty, diseases and death. Smoking kills about 6 million people yearly comprising over 5million of current or ex-smokers and the rest are second hand smokers (SHS) also referred to as passive smokers. Globally, ten people die of tobacco related conditions every minute; this makes tobacco smoking the single most preventable cause of death and chronic diseases universally. In realisation of harmful effects of smoking, the developed countries of the world have scaled up control strategies to combat smoking and the prevalence is now reducing in these industrialised countries (Allicock, 2008, pp.347-353).

Meanwhile, the incidence is on the increase in the developing countries due to poor control measures on the products and the aggressive marketing strategy of tobacco companies trying to flood these growing economy countries with their products. Although there are various interventions which have been implemented in the control of tobacco smoking; counselling is one of the interventions that has been used in the developed countries with some evidence of effectiveness (2), the developing countries have learnt from this and has started using this same method for smoking cessation but there are dearth of studies on the effectiveness of this method in this region of the world (Avery, 2007, pp. 447-481).

Counselling is one intervention which what is needed to carry out is personnel, unlike intervention like Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) which we need personnel as well as material like ...