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Receptor Numbers and Affinities

Introduction

The sense organs let you know the characteristics of the external and internal environment and its variations. This is ensured by special cells called sensory receptors. These cells are grouped in the organs of the senses: sight, taste, smell, hearing, touch, etc. In the central nervous system operates a marked line code that decrypts the sensory modality. Each action potential goes to certain regions. Each sensory receptor has a specific stimulus. Sensory stimulus recipient reports the kind of intensity, duration and location. To activate the sensory receptor versus stimulus intensity required minimum call threshold intensity. This differs from one receiver to another. For hormone receptors are considered some receptors, present on cell membranes, specific for certain hormones and capable of binding to them. This specificity makes a specific target cell (target) of a particular hormone among the many that are constantly put into circulation by the endocrine glands. In some neo-plastic diseases for which it is recognized a endocrine-dependence, the study of hormone receptors present in tumor cells represents a useful element in establishing appropriate endocrine-therapies. This is the case of breast cancer, a disease in whose pathogenesis is unclear relationship with certain hormones such as estrogen and progesterone.

Discussion

The first stage of the hormone is its interaction with the specific receptor of the target cell. Cells that have lost the receptors are not able to answer. Some hormone receptors are located on the surface of cell membranes, receptors other - are present in the cytoplasm and nucleus. The interaction of the hormone and the receptor triggers the beginning of the cascade of enzymatic reactions, each stage of which becomes more and more powerful, so even a low concentration of the hormone is able to give a significant effect.

Hormone receptors are large proteins, and each cell is sensitive to the hormone can have from 2,000 to 100,000 of these receptors. Receptors are highly specific for a particular hormone, which determines the type of hormone that can have an impact on a fabric. Hormone activates only those tissues that have a specific receptor for it.

The localization of different types of hormone receptors usually follows:

Inside the cell membrane or on its surface (receptors for hormones and protein polypeptide, catecholamine).

In the cytoplasm of cells (receptors for various steroid hormones).

In the cell nucleus (the receptors for thyroid hormone, which is allegedly linked to one or more chromosomes).

Phenotypic Characteristic to be studied

The phenotypic characteristic that is used to study here is the intra-uterine abnormalities.

Effect of Receptor Numbers and Receptor Affinities on the Hormone Administration

Some hormones can increase the activity of receptors and intracellular information carrier proteins in target cells. This means that the hormone induces or greater than usual, the formation of receptors or signaling molecules in the cell with the protein-synthesizing system, or increase the ability of the receptor to interact with the hormone. Almost always the response of target tissues formed on condition that a hormone-receptor complex. This changes the function of the receptor and activated receptor ...