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Periodontal disease

Introduction

Periodontium is a complex of closely related tissues that surround the teeth. These include the gums, jaw bone around the tooth, tooth bonding and cement (upper tissues covering the root). Periodontium surrounds and holds the teeth, it ensures their fixation regulates chewing load is protective and regenerative functions. It is important to realize that the complex structure makes it easy to periodontal vulnerable to various diseases. Unfortunately, to date, the prevalence of periodontal disease, according to a number of publications, as high as 98%. High qualifications of doctor's clinics MEDI use in modern technology allow for an effective treatment, even in the most difficult situations (Loe et.al, 1986, pp.431-45).

Periodontal diseases are multi-factorial diseases, which are usually caused by bacterial background condition of the mouth, low immunity, hereditary predisposition, the biological characteristics of the organism, as well as low-quality dental treatment. Lack of hygiene, and malocclusion, create favourable conditions for the development and progression of the disease. In the treatment and prevention of periodontal disease may involve specialists in different fields: general dentist, orthodontist, endocrinologists, cardiologists, immunologists and others have at their disposal a wide range of methods, the use of which depends on which disease is diagnosed: gingivitis, periodontitis or periodontal disease.

Discussion

Periodontal disease is very rare disease and is usually a consequence of age-related changes in the whole body: cardiovascular system, endocrine, metabolic disorders. When periodontal disease is not an inflammatory process, but the blood flow to the gums violated, by gum leaves, the root of the tooth is exposed. In this case, the problem of copper dental clinics to diagnose with physicians, endocrinologists and other specialists and prescribe appropriate treatment. Once the main problem is solved, remission of the disease, gums stabilize. The degree of disease of periodontal disease can be variable. When mild, the inflammatory process affects only your gums, causing what is called gingivitis. However, in more severe cases, inflammation affect reaches deep periodontal tissues and this causes destruction of bone and ligaments that hold the teeth in the maxilla. In this case, we speak of a periodontitis, also called pyorrhoea, which, if untreated, can destroy the support of the tooth and in the eventual loss of it.

Phases of Periodontal disease

Phase 1: Gingivitis

Gingivitis is the inflammation that remains localized to the gingival without involvement of the underlying bone. The lesions are still reversible gingivitis because there is no interference at the alveolar bone. Clinical signs of gingivitis are those of any inflammation which includes:

A red gum and no longer pink

Swelling

Bleeding during brushing

Sensitivities (gum and little innervated)

These signs should prompt the patient to consult to treat this inflammation has occurred and avoid complications, which may be irreversible.

Phase 2: Periodontitis

This is characterized by a loss of attachment of the gums around the tooth due to destruction of the alveolar bone Underlying this is called alveolar bone. Periodontal pockets will appear (enlargement of the gingival-tooth space). They will be measured using periodontal probes during the clinical examination which will allow us ...