MMPI

MMPI

History and Development of the MMPI-2

“Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2)” is a personality test used to diagnose the mental health. McKinley and Hathaway published original MMPI initially in late 1930s. It is designed for routine diagnostic evaluations. It is applied as a key empirical approach. It is a 567-item, real or fake psychological symptoms and personality measure. The 02nd version i.e. MMPI-2 became available in 1989. MMPI-2 mostly and extensively employs psychometric test for assessing adult psychopathology. Along with mental health, MMPI-2 is also applied in employment settings and medical settings (Nichols, 2011).

McKinley and Hathaway, who were the test developers, applied an experiential test construction method to develop the MMPI. This included supporting the analysis scales (for instance “the hypochondriasis” scale) on the definite test items that distinguish individuals with hypochondriasis from “normals.” Frequently, the questions that perform this most consistently are not associated with health concerns as such. It involves two benefits; first it formulates it extremely intricate for themes to “false” reactions, refute difficulties or present an intuition. Secondly, the MMPI-2 is founded on experiential search and not on assumptions of clinicians about what responses point out persona characteristics.

Type of Psychological Test

MMPI-2 is a psychological examination and is formed on the basis of 10 clinical scales that evaluate 10 foremost categories of anomalous human attitude, and four validity scales, which evaluates the person's general behavior of test-taking and whether he or she responded the items on the test on an accurate and truthful way.

A Brief Description of the Instrument

The 10 Clinical subscales

The MMPI-2 is developed with 10 clinical subscales. These subscales appeared as an outcome responding a number of questions on the test in a way:

Hypochondriasis (Hs): This subscale records a broad range of nonspecific and vague complaints about the functioning of the physical body. These complaints focus on back and abdomen, and they continue in the facade of medical tests that are negative in nature. There are two prime aspects that hypochondriasis evaluates, which includes gastrointestinal and poor bodily health difficulties. There are 32 items in this subscale.

Depression (D): This subscale evaluates depression in clinical settings. The evaluation of depression is featured through lack of hope in the future, poor morale, and a typical displeasure with a person's life. There are 57-60 items in this subscale.

Hysteria (Hy): This subscale mainly evaluates five elements i.e. shyness, poor physical health, headaches, cynicism, and neuroticism. There are 60 items in this subscale.

Psychopathic Deviate (Pd): This subscale assesses usual societal maladjustment and the lack of pleasurable occurrences. The items in this subscale record complaints regarding authority figures and family in typical, alienation, self, boredom, and societal alienation. There are 50 items in this subscale.

Masculinity Femininity (Mf): The femininity / Masculinity subscale assesses interests in hobbies and vocations, activity-passivity, aesthetic preferences, and personal feeling. It evaluates in a typical sense how severely an individual is familiar to extremely stereotypical feminine and masculine functions. There are 56 items in this subscale.

Paranoia (Pa): This subscale chiefly evaluates moral self suspiciousness and righteousness and interpersonal ...