Is continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion more efficacious than injection therapy in improving/controlling diabetic glucose control?

Research Question

Is continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion more efficacious than injection therapy in improving/controlling diabetic glucose control?

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is an abnormality caused by the deficiency or diminished effectiveness endogenous insulin. This inability results in a state of hyperglycemia that can chronically led to organ dysfunction and failure. There are various pathogenic procedures in the development of diabetes. These procedures are ranged from abnormalities that result in the resistance of cells to the action insulin to the autoimmune destructed ß cells of the pancreas, which leads to insulin deficiency. In the United States, about 25.8 million adults and children are affected by diabetes mellitus. Symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and blurred vision are common concerns of patients that are diagnosed with these disorders. There are several categories of diabetes mellitus such as diabetes mellitus type-, diabetes mellitus type-I, maturity onset diabetes of the young and gestational diabetes. Most of the prevalent categories of diabetes are diabetes mellitus type I and type II.

Diabetes Mellitus Type-1 is also known as juvenile diabetes. In the United States, it accounts for 5-10% percent of all diagnosed diabetes. It has been increasing on global scale by approximately 3% every year. This type of diabetes exists in two forms and is typically diagnosed in children and young adults, even though any age group can be affected. The first form is called autoimmune mediated diabetes. In this condition, the beta cells of pancreas are destroyed by immune system in the human body; as a result the insulin is not produced in the body. One of the major causes of this type of diabetes is not known. However, it is believed that genetics, viruses and environmental factors play a role. The second form is called idiopathic type 1 diabetes. Idiopathic type 1 diabetes is rare, and similar to the first form, it has no known etiology.

Type-2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common forms of diabetes. Most patients that are type-2 diabetic glycemic levels are usually maintained by use of oral medication. The use of insulin is needed in some cases. In the diabetes type 1, the body does not respond to Insulin, while in type 2 diabetes the cells do not respond to the insulin rightly and no sufficient insulin is produced. It is difficult to prevent type 1 diabetes and the person's lifestyle does not entirely account for the cause of this disease, whether a person is fat or thin. It makes no difference in the risks of developing type-1 diabetes; on the other hand, type 2 diabetes has its onset as a outcome of fitness, bodyweight and lifestyle. A number of people developing type 1 diabetes are not overweight and are healthy during the onset. One cannot present or reverse type 1 by engaging into exercise or eating carefully.

Research Aims and Objectives

This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in comparison with multiple injection therapy on daily ...