International Trade in Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in period of Soviet Union

International Trade in Russia, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in period of Soviet Union

Introduction

International trade is the exchange of economic goods that takes place between the inhabitants of two or more nations, in such a way that gives rise to outflows of goods from one country (export) entries of goods (imports) from other countries. All the countries, starting with the poorest to the richest, have resources like financial, human, industrial and natural that can be used in production of services and goods for maintaining the foreign and domestic needs. It can be accessed through economics that a country can only get benefitted if its trading activities are good and reliable. (Edwards, 1985, pp.50)

Economy

During the years of Soviet power industrial and agricultural country (the most developed among the Central Asian Republics), after the proclamation of independence was launched transforming a planned economy to a market (price liberalization, privatization), in 1994 an agreement on assistance in reforming the economy from the International Monetary Fund (of which Uzbekistan is a member of the from 1992); own national currency (sum) of VII in 1994. In 2005, the signing of an agreement with Russia on closer economic cooperation (of interest to the Russian capital is primarily mining, mainly oil and gas, and telecommunications). In Uzbekistan, there are about two thousand. mixed-capital companies (domestic and foreign), 80% in the sphere of production (including the tobacco industry). Structure of gross domestic product (in% - 2007): 29.4 agriculture, industry 33.1 Services 37.4; gross domestic product per one inhabitant in purchasing power parity 2.3 thousand. U.S. dollars.

Industry

Extraction of natural gas (55.7 billion m 3, 2005), oil, kerosene (5.5 million tonnes) in the Fergana Valley and wilajetach bucharskim and surchondaryjskim, lignite (Angren) and cam. (Basin Sharg'un), gold (80 t, 2002; open pit mine Muruntov the Kyzyl-Kum desert is the largest in the world), as well mined ores of lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenum, and copper (karamazarskie deposits). Electricity generated 46.5 billion kW · h (2003), 87% of the energy supply thermal power plants fired by natural gas, the largest Syrdarianska (planned capacity 4400 MW) and Taszkencka (1920 MW) and 13% of the hydropower plants (cascade government. Chirchiq , Power Farchadzka the Syr Darya). Industry chem. (Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, fibers, chem., Plastics, rubber, household chemistry., Petrochemical, farm.) Machines. (Combine the cultivation and harvesting of cotton fiber machine., Mining and road-building), foodstuff. (Production of cottonseed oil, fruit and vegetable, meat, dairy), electrical and electronics, precision, construction materials (cement, asbestos-cement pipes, tiles and ceramic tiles), non-ferrous metallurgy (Olmaliq, Chirchiq) and iron (Bekobod) depth. branches of light industry: pre-treatment of cotton, silk cocoons, wool and skins (including Caracul), production of cotton fabrics. (Tashkent, Andijan, Bukhara, Fergana) and silk (Marg'ilon, Namangan), obuwn., Clothes., Manufacture of carpets, crafts artist. (Especially ceramics and embroidery).

Agriculture

Farmland in 2002 occupied 60% of the area. country (including arable land and orchards 10%, meadows and pastures 50%), more than 80% of arable land (4.2 million hectares) is irrigated artificially, ...