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Hezbollah

Introduction

Hezbollah (Party of God', often, Hizb Allah) is one of the Islamism assigned Lebanese organization. The leader of Hezbollah is spiritual scholar. It is headed by Hassan Nasrallah. As the supreme spiritual authority of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei considered the supreme authority.

It was founded as a paramilitary organization from 1982 through the merger of various Shiite groups in opposition to the then Israeli invasion. In 1985, it was officially established. Five states, including the United States and Israel consider Hezbollah a terrorist organization (Pandya, pp. 515-16). The UK and Australia simply denote the "Hezbollah external security organization". Even the German secret services keeping an eye on the activities of Hezbollah. The Council of the European Union leads the Hezbollah in its 15 July 2008 published list of terrorist organizations not qualified, however, individual members as terrorists. The EU Parliament said in a decision dated March 2005 of "terrorist activities by Hezbollah (Naserdeen, pp. 1005)." 

Since 1992, Hezbollah is represented in the Lebanese parliament. He is currently 14 of 128 MPs and the energy minister in the Lebanese government. Hassan Nasrallah, Secretary General of both the Party and supreme commander of the operating outside of the Lebanese Hezbollah militia law. In the south of Lebanon are the strongholds of the organization. There have uncontrollable power of the state so-called "security areas" established, where Hezbollah rules.

It along with Amal (pro-Syrian Hezbollah and ally), the main political and military expression of the Shiite Lebanese community currently the largest religious group in the country. Several countries officially considered Hezbollah or its armed wing as a terrorist organization: Australia, Canada, Israel, Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States and Egypt. By contrast, much of the governments of the Arab world consider Hezbollah a legitimate resistance movement (Knudsen, pp. 679-81).

Origin

Hezbollah originated in the Shiite bloc in the Lebanese society, who has lived there for over a millennium. According to CIA estimates, that includes 41 percent of the population of Lebanon. After Lebanon gained its independence on November 22, 1943 and the French army to withdraw its troops from Lebanon in 1946, the Lebanese National Pact, which is a theoretical agreement and unofficial headquarters assigned by the President of Parliament to Shiites in the recognition of the demographic and political importance (Zakaria, pp. 721-25), but remain socially and economically marginalized.

Hezbollah was founded between 1977 and 1979 influenced by the Iranian revolutionary process that overthrew Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the revolutionary process was known as "Islamic Revolution ". The winners of that revolution, which took over the Iranian state apparatus, were the Islamic conservatives. However, early in the revolution against the Shah was very heterogeneous, including sectors of the left scattered in different revolutionary parties, such as the Tudeh (Iranian Communist Party), the Peikar (Maoist), the PST (Trotskyists) and the shuras (meetings workers), led by secular nationalist Abolhassan Banisadr , as well as clerical sectors led by Khomeini . In a context of high socio-political conflict, the common denominator of the revolutionary processes, Khomeini emerged as paramount leader; simultaneously organizing paramilitary forces were not influenced by workers' assemblies (shuras) of progressive tendency. Thus is formed the Pasdaran Army, a group of fedayeen and Hezbollah (Party of God), the latter being the most reactionary trend (Michaelson, pp. 2069-72). These groups were formed with unemployed and their main task was to pursue supporters of the Shah, and then evolve in pursuit of the groups left that exerted influence on the Shuras ...