EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF RETINOIC ACID ON ATX ACTIVITY IN N-MYC IN NEUROBLASTOMA CELL

Effect of treatment of Retinoic Acid on ATX activity in Neuroblastoma cell's N-myc



Abstract

In children, the most common extracranial solid tumour is Neuroblastoma. Over the past several decades, in spite of betterment in the treatment of this tumour, the survival of patients with advanced neutoblastoma, in the long run, remains bleak. Interest in the utilisation of alternative types of therapy has been sparked by the lack of progress. The use of chemical agents is one hopeful alternative that brings on tumour cells' terminal differentiation. Reitonic acid is the best candidate agent for this kind of treatment as it is the most effective by far at inducing differentiation in cell lines of neuroblastoma. Augmentation of the N-myc proto-oncogene is also used, amongst many prognostic factors like age, to test for advanced stages of paediatric cancer- neuroblastoma. The effects of treatment of retinoic acid on ATX activity in N-Myc, the 5' nucleotidase activity of autotaxin, on the ability to aid differentiation and inhibit proliferation of the neuroblastoma cell line. Kelly (having a high N-myc expression cell line) were used and screened for their morphology of cell after treatment. Occurrence of some differentiation had been evident; there had an intense differential impact of treatment with retinoic acid, engendering the cells to become differentiated.

Surprisingly, choline assay was carried out for measurement of choline; in the no RA extracts, there was so much enzyme activity that the reaction was complete essentially when the time course was set out. There was absolutely less activity at in the RA treated cells. This bears out preliminarily the result from the 5' nucleotidase assay which also pointed out that in the RA treated cells, there was less activity.

Effect of Retinoic Acid Treatment on ATX activity in N-myc in Neuroblastoma Cell

INTRODUCTION

Neuroblastoma is the most common childhood's extracranial solid tumour, comprising around 8% to 10% of all cancers of Childhood in the United States. The sympathetic nervous system's cancer is termed as Neuroblastoma in which in paraspinal ganglia or adrenal medulla, tumourigenesis usually happens (Maris, 2010). As the formed solid tumours affect both sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine, that's why they are classified as neuroendocrine. In children, this cancer takes place, 17 months is median age at diagnosis, however after the age of 10 years, it is normally diagnosed, and as a result, the cancer has usually metastasized (London WB, 2005). Neuroblastoma can be classed into 5 main clinical stages; (Brodeur G.M. et al, 1993)

Stage 1-2 is a category of low risk in which the meta- sizing of tumour has not taken place and through surgery, removal of tumour can contribute to more than 94% survival rate in this stage.

Tumours of stage 4 metastasize to the bone marrow in which advanced chemotherapy and radiation is required for treatment, 40-50% is survival rates in this stage.

The 4S stage is classified as the most complex stage of the ...