Dorothea Orem- Self Care Theory

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Dorothea Orem- Self Care Theory

Introduction

Nursing has a tradition in the development of models and theories from the nineteenth century. Through the years has also emerged a number of experiences in applying them, contributing to linking theory and practice and also to give substance to the knowledge derived from research. Along with this, we have generated increasingly, research intended to test the supported by theory and also outline to nursing science, discipline and profession. The aim of this paper is to present the experience of applying the model in Orem a community group of hypertensive patients through the nursing process. For this used the three theories that make up the model, we used the "Theory of Self Care" for the appraisal stage.

Orem was born in Baltimore and was educated with the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul in 1930. In her career as a nurse theorist did not influence any more than another, but that was the set of all with whom he had contact, and the experience of those that served as a theoretical source.

Discussion

Dorothea Orem care focuses on the art and practice of nursing, which is described as the assistance provided to self-care activities when the individual is unable to perform such activities (Weber, 2000). Self-care is a task that starts and makes the individual person to preserve her life, health and wellness, helping to preserve and promote structural integrity, function and development.

Orem identified three conditions for self-care: universal, developmental and deflection or displacement of health, this constitutes the purpose of individual self-care (White, 2000).The universal requirements are those demands and actions necessary basic daily life, are common to all throughout life and are adjusted for age, stage of development, the environment and other factors also are associated with conservation of the processes vital, structural integrity and activity of each individual.

Therefore, Orem identifies eight universal requirements such as: the preservation of air , water and food, the balance between activity and rest, the balance between interaction and social isolation, the provision of necessary care aspects associated with with the process of removing the material body waste, preventing dangers to human life, its functions and welfare, and promoting the activity and development within social groups.

The requirements for the development of self are associated in the development of processes and conditions that occur during the life cycle (Griffith, 1986). There are two categories: the first refers to the conservation of the processes that sustain life and support growth, the second is related to the prevention of adverse effects to human growth and development and collection of care to overcome these effects (Metcalfe, 1997).

The requirements of self-care to prevent diversion of health status are associated with individuals sick, injured or who have a pathological condition and are receiving care physician. Orem identified six requirements for individuals with health deviation: 1) find and secure appropriate assistance, 2 °) to recognize and address these states, 3 °) to establish the diagnosis, receive therapy and care rehabilitation measures; ...