Diabetes Mellitus

Treatment & Management Diabetes Mellitus Pharmacologically

Treatment & Management Diabetes Mellitus Pharmacologically

Introduction

The Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common and world wide extended disease with an estimation of 200 million suffering people till year 2010 and a danger of a raise of this figure to 300 million till year 2025 (King, 1998 pp. 1414-1431). This drastically elevated figure of DM suffering people makes it essentially important to review the range of pharmacological compounds available for the treatment and management of this widely spread endocrine disease in order to facilitate an awareness mission among people to stay healthy and spend a normal and healthy life.

The management and treatment of the DM as a metabolic disorder require a practice to understand key terminologies and concepts before apprehending critically the available range of pharmacological compounds.



Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic state of metabolic disorder of carbohydrates (hyperglycaemia) in the body linked with high glucose levels in the blood. The inadequate production of the hormone, insulin, by pancreas caused diabetes to occur. (Melissa Conrad Stöppler, 2012 p1). The defects in secretion of insulin or action of insulin or both can cause disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and eventually can cause a long term injury of the organs or it can be a cause of even dysfunction or failure of the organs (WHO, 1999 p.n.d).

TYPE I (Juvenile Onset or Insulin Dependent Diabetes)

The Type I is the first type of Diabetes which can be happened at any age, but mostly in younger age due to inadequate production of insulin by the pancreas gland. See Table 1 of the Appendix A for a detailed understanding of the characteristics of both of the types.

TYPE II (Adult Onset or Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes)

The Type II Diabetes occur when patient's body produces insulin inadequately then the relative requirement of the body. The failure of insulin resistance renders cells leaves an accumulated amount of glucose in the blood.

Complications & Symptoms

The complications of diabetes are chronically severe and sensitive. The acute complications are consisted of abnormally high or low blood sugar levels, medically termed as hyperglycaemia or hypoglycaemia, due to in take of diabetic medications. The chronic complications of diabetes include the damage of body organs (heart, eyes, kidneys, feet or even nervous system) because of the disease of small and large blood vessels. Retinopathy, Nephropathy and Neuropathy are three manifestations (Preeti Kishore, 2012 p1).

The unusual increase of hunger, thirst, exhaustion and urine are all considered as the symptoms of diabetes. It is diagnosed through glucose testing (Melissa Conrad Stöppler, p1).

Discussion

The following discussion is based on the proposed treatment, management and recommendation for the DM under the light of evidences and evaluations.



Treatment

Primarily diabetes is treated by reducing the height of glucose while maintaining the levels of blood sugar. The Type I diabetes is cured by advising to adopt a healthy lifestyle. This can be adopted by in taking diabetic food and exercising habit. Insulin is also given as a ...